What is the signifi cance of the different DNA-binding properties of prokaryotic RNA polymerase core enzyme and holoenzyme?
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What is the signifi cance of the different DNA-binding properties of prokaryotic RNA polymerase core enzyme and holoenzyme?
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- What is the significance of the pentose monophosphate shunt to synthesis of nucleotides? What is a difference between synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides?Where does the energy of such reaction catalyzed by an RNA polymerase come from?What factors account for the high phosphoryl-transfer potential of nucleoside triphosphates?
- Why and how does an antisense oligonucleotide functionally inactivate an mRNA for use in translation by a ribosome?What is the subunit composition of bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme? What are the functional roles of the subunits?The overall structures of RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase are very different, yet their active sites show considerable similarities. What do the similarities suggest about the evolutionary relationship between these two important enzymes?
- What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of initiator tRNA?If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of ribosomal subunit binding?
- What could be the advantages and disadvantages of simultaneous translation and transcription in prokaryotes?Which of the following statements regarding Anfinsen's denaturing experiments with ribonuclease A are valid? (i) Exposing the denatured protein to air oxidation and then dialysis to remove urea restored the protein to its original functionality. (ii) Removing urea by dialysis and then allowing air oxidation of the denatured protein restored the protein to its original functionality. (iii) Denaturing the protein with both urea and β-mercaptoethanol yielded an inactive protein. (iv) Protein folding is determined by its primary sequence.A species of bacteria can synthesize the amino acid histidine, so they do not require histidine in their growth medium. A key enzyme, which we will call histidine synthetase, is necessary for histidine biosynthesis. When these bacteria are given histidine in their growth medium, they stop synthesizing histidine intracellularly. Based on this observation alone, propose three different regulatory mechanisms to explain why histidine biosynthesis ceases when histidine is in the growth medium. To explore this phenomenon further, you measure the amount of intracellular histidine synthetase protein when cells are grown in the presence and absence of histidine. In both conditions, the amount of this protein is identical. Which mechanism of regulation is consistent with this observation?
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