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Q: Stimulus-Response Compatibility
A:
What is the response of a single opponent color ganglion cell to blue, yellow, and white lights?
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- What are the Effects of light on signaling in ON-pathway ganglion cells and OFF-pathway ganglion cells?The best characterization of receptive fields in retinal ganglion cells that respond best to light-dark contrast is that for a cell that responds to light it has no response to light in its center on field for a cell that responds to light it has a strong response to light in the surround field for a cell that responds to light it has a strong response to light in its center on field for a cell that responds to light it has a weak response to light in its center on fieldBased on the attached figure (Figure 9.8 in the textbook), what is the actual membrane mechanism mediating the light-induced hyperpolarization of a photoreceptor? (A) Dark Rod outer segment CGMP 0 CGMP CGMP CGMP K+ Rod inner segment Inside Obelecendra EX Ca²+ Na+ Outside Na+ influx, K+ efflux: Depolarization (B) Light Rod outer segment LIELITI CGMP reduced Rod inner segment Ca2+ Na Inside Outside Reduced Na+ influx, K* efflux: Hyperpolarization
- In Hermann-Hering grid, there appears to be phantom dots in the intersections (picture below). Considering only our ON-center retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), (a) rank the action potential firing rates of RGC1 and RGC2 in the 2nd picture. (b) How does this result explain why we see phantom dots in the intersections? Hermann-Hering grid O RGC2 RGC1Color vision is trichromatic in that 3 primary colors can mix and match all other colors. However, there are 4 unique colors or hues that come in opponent pairs. Name and describe what retinal elements or structures produce trichromacy, compared to what retinal elements or structures produce unique color signals and opponent color pairs?Which statement about the events of photoreception is false? a) as a rod cell hyperpolarizes, its release of neurotransmitter increases b) there is more Na+ entry into a rod cell in the dark than in the light c) bipolar cells release more neurotransmitter in the light than in the dark d) as a bipolar cell depolarizes, its release of neurotransmitter increases e) when a rod cell releases neurotransmitter the bipolar cell it synapses with hyperpolarizes
- Axonal growth cones from amphibian retinal ganglion cells are directed to their tectal targets by a) ephrin receptor gradients in the tectum. b) ephrin ligand gradients in the retina. c) ephrin ligand gradients in the tectum. d) slit gradients in the retina.What is the shape of a receptive field of a ganglion cell?A. Either a bar or an edge, in a fixed positionB. Either a bar or an edge, anywhere within a large area of the retinaC. Either a bar or an edge, with a strong inhibitory field at one endD. A circle, with a surround that responds in the opposite way1. You are recording from four separate ganglion cells, whose receptive fields are represented in the image below. All of these ganglion cells are center-on cells. Note: in this image, grey represents light (sorry, it's a little confusing, but it's hard to represent light in a black and white static image!). A B D (a) (1 point) What are the first order cells that make up each receptive field? (b)(1 point) What is the response of the first-order cells in the center of cell A when light shines on that area? (c) (1 point) Is the response you described in (b) different for the first-order cells that make up the surround of cell A when light is shining on them? (d) (3 points) Describe what accounts for the difference in the response of ganglion cells B and C. Be specific and be sure to include the role of all relevant interneurons.
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