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What is the purpose of using NaOH?

What is the purpose of using NaOH?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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What is the purpose of using NaOH?

Perform a steam distillation of benzaldehyde. Set up your apparatus according to Figure 19.1-on- p. 139 of Zubrick (you may use a graduated cylinder or an Erlenmeyer flask for collection instead of the round-bottom flask in the picture). Weigh about 10 g of benzaldehyde into your 250-mL round-bottom flask. The exact amount is not critical, but you should know what the mass is to two decimal places. Add about 100 mL of water and a magnetic stir bar to the flask, then swirl the flask a few times to make sure the contents are adequately mixed. Place the heat source on a stirplate. For your heat source, use a 500-mL thermowell and use sand to fill in the gaps around the flask. Ask your instructor or a laboratory assistant to check your apparatus before you begin heating. Once your set-up has been approved, stir the mixture and run the distillation until you have collected about 20 mL of distillate. Be sure to note the temperature readings when you begin collecting distillate and when you stop. At your fume hood, dissolve your distillate in approximately 100 mL of ether, and transfer the solution to your separatory funnel. Separate the water. To the separatory funnel, add a volume of 10 or 20% aqueous NaOH solution that is approximately one half the volume of ether you used (i.e., ~50 mL). -Which layer is on the top, and which is on the bottom? -What is the purpose of using NaOH solution instead of distilled water? (Hint: What kinds of compounds does NaOH react with?)
Transcribed Image Text:Perform a steam distillation of benzaldehyde. Set up your apparatus according to Figure 19.1-on- p. 139 of Zubrick (you may use a graduated cylinder or an Erlenmeyer flask for collection instead of the round-bottom flask in the picture). Weigh about 10 g of benzaldehyde into your 250-mL round-bottom flask. The exact amount is not critical, but you should know what the mass is to two decimal places. Add about 100 mL of water and a magnetic stir bar to the flask, then swirl the flask a few times to make sure the contents are adequately mixed. Place the heat source on a stirplate. For your heat source, use a 500-mL thermowell and use sand to fill in the gaps around the flask. Ask your instructor or a laboratory assistant to check your apparatus before you begin heating. Once your set-up has been approved, stir the mixture and run the distillation until you have collected about 20 mL of distillate. Be sure to note the temperature readings when you begin collecting distillate and when you stop. At your fume hood, dissolve your distillate in approximately 100 mL of ether, and transfer the solution to your separatory funnel. Separate the water. To the separatory funnel, add a volume of 10 or 20% aqueous NaOH solution that is approximately one half the volume of ether you used (i.e., ~50 mL). -Which layer is on the top, and which is on the bottom? -What is the purpose of using NaOH solution instead of distilled water? (Hint: What kinds of compounds does NaOH react with?)
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