Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
![### Determining the pH of a Solution Containing HNO₂ and NaNO₂
**Problem Statement:**
What is the pH of a solution of 0.300 M HNO₂ containing 0.210 M NaNO₂? (Ka of HNO₂ is 4.5 × 10⁻⁴)
**Solution Steps:**
1. **Identify the Components:**
- HNO₂ (Nitrous Acid) is a weak acid with a known dissociation constant (Ka = 4.5 × 10⁻⁴).
- NaNO₂ (Sodium Nitrite) dissociates completely in water to give Na⁺ and NO₂⁻ ions.
2. **Set Up the ICE Table:**
| Species | Initial Concentration | Change in Concentration | Equilibrium Concentration |
|----------|-----------------------|-------------------------|---------------------------|
| HNO₂ | 0.300 M | -x | 0.300 - x |
| H⁺ | 0 (negligible) | +x | x |
| NO₂⁻ | 0.210 M | +x | 0.210 + x |
3. **Write the Equilibrium Expression:**
\[
Ka = \frac{[H⁺][NO₂⁻]}{[HNO₂]}
\]
\[
4.5 × 10⁻⁴ = \frac{x(0.210 + x)}{0.300 - x}
\]
4. **Simplify the Expression:**
Assuming \( x \) is very small compared to 0.300 M and 0.210 M:
\[
4.5 × 10⁻⁴ \approx \frac{x (0.210)}{0.300}
\]
5. **Solve for \( x \):**
\[
x = \frac{4.5 × 10⁻⁴ \times 0.300}{0.210}
\]
\[
x = 6.42857 × 10⁻⁴ \approx 6.43 × 10⁻⁴
\]
6. **Calculate the pH:**
\[
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