What is the patient position for images acquired from the subcostal window?   The patient lies supine with their knees bent up in order to relax their stomach muscle.   How does one acquire ‘stable’ images from the subcostal window?

1. What is the patient position for images acquired from the subcostal window?

The patient lies supine with their knees bent up in order to relax their stomach muscle.

1. How does one acquire ‘stable’ images from the subcostal window?

1. Why should subcostal images be acquired on held inspiration?

1. For the Subcostal 4-chamber view, the probe is placed in the _______________ position immediately _____________ to the sternum along the _____________ or slightly to the ______________ ______________ side.

1. The POM is rotated towards the patient’s _________ side to approximately the ___ o’ clock position.

1. The probe is tilted slightly ____________ so that_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

1. Anatomic relationships to the sector image are orientated so that ______-sided structures such as the RA and RV are seen at the _____ of the image while ______-sided structures such as the LA and LV are seen towards the __________ of the image; ____________ structures such as the apices of both ventricles appear towards the __________ of the image while ____________ structures such as the atria appear towards the _________ of the image.

1. What is the first structure transected by the ultrasound beam in the subcostal view? Where does it appear on the screen?

1. The liver is recognized by its characteristic ______ ______________ appearance.

1. From this view, all ________ cardiac chambers can be seen. The cavity of each chamber should appear _____________; although ____________ ________________ of the AV valves are usually seen within the ventricular cavities.

1. The ventricular walls seen from this view include the:

1. Why is the IAS best examined from this view?

1. With ____________ tilting of the probe, a ___________________ -chamber view can be achieved.

1. For the Subcostal short axis views, the probe remains in the _______________ position.

1. The subcostal short axis views are achieved by rotating the probe approximately 90 degrees anticlockwise from the subcostal 4-chamber view so that the scan plane is ______________ to the 4-chamber view and the POM is directed to the ___ o’clock position.

1. The images from the subcostal window are orientated about _____ degrees clockwise to those acquired from the parasternal SAX views and each level is acquired by sweeping the scan plane from the patient’s ________ side to their ________ side.

1. When imaging the abdominal aorta in its long axis and the vena caval entry into the RA, the probe is ___________ slightly ________________.

1. True/False: Subcostal views are especially valuable in technically difficult examinations where the standard parasternal and apical views are suboptimal.

1. Why are subcostal views extremely important in the assessment of congenital heart disease?

1. While the IVC can be seen from the bicaval view, a dedicated view of the IVC in its long axis can be acquired with slight _____________ rotation and angling of the probe towards the patient’s _______ side.

1. The IVC courses ______________ across the image display and its ___________ can be seen to vary over the _______________ cycle.

1. The abdominal aorta in its long axis is usually visualized by angling the probe towards the patient’s __________ and by slightly rotating the probe ________________. The abdominal aorta can be seen to course from the ____________ of the sector (__________________) to the _____ of the sector (_________________). The lumen of this vessel should be ____________ and typically demonstrate a _______________ ________________.

1. For suprasternal imaging, the patient is _____________.

1. How is obtaining the suprasternal view often facilitated?

1. The probe is placed in the _______________________ notch with the POM pointed toward the patient’s ___________ ___________________________ to approximately the ___ o’clock position.

1. The probe is tilted __________________________ and angled ____________________ so that the probe is almost parallel to the neck.

1. Anatomic relationships to the sector image are orientated so that _________________ structures such as the head and neck vessels appear at the _________ of the image, while _____________ structures are seen at the ___________ of the image.

1. ____________ structures such as the ascending aorta are seen to the _____________ of the image while __________________ structures such as the descending aorta are seen to the __________ of the image.

1. The _________________________, ________________________, and ______________________________ are best evaluated from this view and produce a “__________________________” or “question mark” appearance.

1. The origins of the ___________ head and neck vessels may be seen arising from the aortic arch.