Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04) 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
1 Essential Ideas 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Composition Of Substances And Solutions 4 Stoichiometry Of Chemical Reactions 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of Elements 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Geometry 8 Advanced Theories Of Covalent Bonding 9 Gases 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Solutions And Colloids 12 Kinetics 13 Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts 14 Acid-base Equilibria 15 Equilibria Of Other Reaction Classes 16 Thermodynamics 17 Electrochemistry 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, And Nonmetals 19 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter6: Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of Elements
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1E: The light produced by a red neon sign is due to the emission of light by excited neon atoms.... Problem 2E: An FM radio station found at 103.1 on the FM dial broadcasts at a frequency of 1.031188s1 (103.1... Problem 3E: FM-95, an FM radio station, broadcasts at a frequency of 9.51107s1 s (95.1 MHz). What is the... Problem 4E: A bright violet line occurs at 435.8 nm in the emission spectrum of mercury vapor. What amount of... Problem 5E: Light with a wavelength of 614.5 nm looks orange. What is the energy, in joules, per photon of this... Problem 6E: Heated lithium atoms emit photons of light with an energy of 2.9611019 J. Calculate the frequency... Problem 7E: A photon of light produced by a surgical laser has an energy of 3.0271019 J. Calculate the frequency... Problem 8E: When rubidium ions are heated to a high temperature, two lines are observed in its line spectrum at... Problem 9E: The emission spectrum of cesium contains two lines whose frequencies are (a) 3.451014 Hz and (b)... Problem 10E: Photons of infrared radiation are responsible for much of the warmth we feel when holding our hands... Problem 11E: One of the radiographic devices used in a dentist’s office emits an X-ray of wavelength 2.0901011 m.... Problem 12E: The eyes of certain reptiles pass a single visual signal to the brain when the visual receptors are... Problem 13E: RGB color television and computer displays use cathode ray tubes that produce colors by mixing red,... Problem 14E: Answer the following questions about a Blu-ray laser: (a) The laser on a Blu-ray player has a... Problem 15E: What is the threshold frequency for sodium metal if a photon with frequency 6.661014s1 ejects an... Problem 16E: Why is the electron in a Bohr hydrogen atom bound less tightly when it has a quantum number of 3... Problem 17E: What does it mean to say that the energy of the electrons in an atom is quantized? Problem 18E: Using the Bohr model, determine the energy, in joules, necessary to ionize a ground-state hydrogen... Problem 19E: The electron volt (eV) is a convenient unit of energy for expressing atomic-scale energies. It is... Problem 20E: Using the Bohr model, determine the lowest possible energy, in joules, for the electron in the Li2+... Problem 21E: Using the Bohr model, determine the lowest possible energy for the electron in the He+ ion. Problem 22E: Using the Bohr model, determine the energy of an electron with n=6 in a hydrogen atom. Problem 23E: Using the Bohr model, determine the energy of an electron with n=8 in a hydrogen atom. Problem 24E: How far from the nucleus in angstroms (1 angstrom =11010 m) is the electron in a hydrogen atom if it... Problem 25E: What is the radius, in angstroms, of the orbital of an electron with n = 8 in a hydrogen atom? Problem 26E: Using the Bohr model, determine the energy in joules of the photon produced when an electron in a... Problem 27E: Using the Bohr model, determine the energy in joules of the photon produced when an electron in a... Problem 28E: Consider a large number of hydrogen atoms with electrons randomly distributed in the n = 1, 2, 3,... Problem 29E: How are the Bohr model and the Rutherford model of the atom similar? How are they different? Problem 30E: The spectra of hydrogen and of calcium are shown in Figure 6.13. What causes the lines in these... Problem 31E: How are the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom similar? How are they... Problem 32E: What are the allowed values for each of the four quantum numbers: n, l, ml, and ms? Problem 33E: Describe the properties of an electron associated with each of the following four quantum numbers:... Problem 34E: Answer the following questions: (a) Without using quantum numbers, describe the differences between... Problem 35E: Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum numbers are found: (a) n=2,l=1... Problem 36E: Which of the subshells described in the previous question contain degenerate orbitals? How many... Problem 37E: Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum numbers are found: (a) n=3,l=2... Problem 38E: Which of the subshells described in the previous question contain degenerate orbitals? How many... Problem 39E: Sketch the boundary surface of a dx2y2 and a py orbital. Be sure to show and label the axes. Problem 40E: Sketch the px and dxz orbitals. Be sure to show and label the coordinates. Problem 41E: Consider the orbitals shown here in outline. (a) What is the maximum number of electrons contained... Problem 42E: State the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Describe briefly what the principle implies. Problem 43E: How many electrons could be held in the second shell of an atom if the spin quantum number ms could... Problem 44E: Which of the following equations describe particle-like behavior? Which describe wavelike behavior?... Problem 45E: Write a set of quantum numbers for each of the electrons with an n of 4 in a Se atom. Problem 46E: Read the labels of several commercial products and identify monatomic ions of at least four... Problem 47E: Read the labels of several commercial products and identify monatomic ions of at least six main... Problem 48E: Using complete subshell notation (not abbreviations, 1s22s22p6, and so forth), predict the electron... Problem 49E: Using complete subshell notation ( 1s22s22p6, and so forth), predict the electron configuration of... Problem 50E: Is 1s22s22p6 the symbol for a macroscopic property or a microscopic property of an element? Explain... Problem 51E: What additional information do we need to answer the question Which ion has the electron... Problem 52E: Draw the orbital diagram for the valence shell of each of the following atoms (a) C (b) P (c) V (d)... Problem 53E: Use an orbital diagram to describe the electron configuration of the valence shell of each of the... Problem 54E: Using complete subshell notation ( 1s22s22p6, and so forth), predict the electron configurations of... Problem 55E: Which atom has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d2? Problem 56E: Which atom has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2? Problem 57E: Which ion with a +1 charge has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6? Which ion with... Problem 58E: Which of the following atoms contains only three valence electrons: Li, B, N, F, Ne? Problem 59E: Which of the following has two unpaired electrons? (a) Mg (b) Si (c)S (d) Both Mg and S (e) Both Si... Problem 60E: Which atom would be expected to have a half-filled 6p subshell? Problem 61E: Which atom would be expected to have a half-filled 4s subshell? Problem 62E: In one area of Australia, the cattle did not thrive despite the presence of suitable forage. An... Problem 63E: Thallium was used as a poison in the Agatha Christie mystery story The Pale Horse. Thallium has two... Problem 64E: Write the electron configurations for the following atoms or ions: (a) B3+ (b) O (c) Cl3+ (d) Ca2+... Problem 65E: Cobalt60 and iodine131 are radioactive isotopes commonly used in nuclear medicine. How many protons,... Problem 66E: Write a set of quantum numbers for each of the electrons with an n of 3 in a Sc atom. Problem 67E: Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the smallest atomic radius: Mg,... Problem 68E: Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the largest atomic radius: Li, Rb,... Problem 69E: Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the largest first ionization... Problem 70E: Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the smallest first ionization... Problem 71E: Based on their positions in the periodic table, rank the following atoms in order of increasing... Problem 72E: Based on their positions in the periodic table, rank the following atoms in order of increasing... Problem 73E: Atoms of which group in the periodic table have a valence shell electron configuration of ns2np2? Problem 74E: Atoms of which group in the periodic table have a valence shell electron configuration of ns2? Problem 75E: Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following atoms in order of increasing... Problem 76E: Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following atoms in order of increasing... Problem 77E: Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following ions in order of increasing... Problem 78E: List the following ions in order of increasing radius: Li+,Mg2+,Br,Te2. Problem 79E: Which atom and/or ion is (are) isoelectronic with Br+:Se2+,Se,As,Kr,Ga3+,Cl? Problem 80E: Which of the following atoms and ions is (are) isoelectronic with S2+:Si4+,Ar,As3+,Si,Al3+? Problem 81E: Compare both the numbers of protons and electrons present in each to rank the following ions in... Problem 82E: Of the five elements Al, Cl, I, Na, Rb, which has the most exothermic reaction? (E represents an... Problem 83E: Of the five elements Sn, Si, Sb, O, Te, which has the most endothermic reaction? (E represents an... Problem 84E: The ionic radii of the ions S2, Cl, and K+ are 184, 181, 138 pm respectively. Explain why these ions... Problem 85E: Which main group atom would be expected to have the lowest second ionization energy? Problem 86E: Explain why Al is a member of group 13 rather than group 3? Problem 32E: What are the allowed values for each of the four quantum numbers: n, l, ml, and ms?
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What is the numerical value of the angular momentum quantum number, l , for an electron in a 4d orbital?
Definition Definition Product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity of the rotating body: (L) = Iω Angular momentum is a vector quantity, and it has both magnitude and direction. The magnitude of angular momentum is represented by the length of the vector, and the direction is the same as the direction of angular velocity.
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