What is the null hypothesis (Ho) and alternative hypothesis (Ha)? Effectiveness and acceptability of lidocaine spray in reducing perineal pain duringspontaneous vaginal delivery: randomised controlled trialJulia Sanders, MRC HSR training fellow,¹ Rona Campbell, professor of health services research, ¹ and Tim J Peters,professor of primary care health services research²▸ Author information Article notes Copyright and License information DisclaimerAbstractGo to:Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a lidocaine spray in reducing perinealpain during spontaneous vaginal delivery.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Consultant led obstetric unit.Participants 185 women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery without epidural analgesia.Interventions Topically applied local anaesthetic spray (93 women) and placebo spray (92women).Main outcome measure Primary outcome measure was pain during delivery (0-100 scale). The 16secondary outcome measures included second degree perineal trauma during delivery, trauma ofthe genital tract, and dyspareunia by two months.Results Lidocaine spray did not reduce pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery: mean 77 and 72on a scale of 0-100 in the lidocaine and placebo groups, respectively (difference between means 4.8,95% confidence interval -1.7 to 11.2). Lidocaine spray may reduce genital tract trauma duringdelivery, in particular second degree perineal trauma. The intervention was highly acceptable to thewomen and midwives.Conclusions Although lidocaine spray applied to the perineum during spontaneous vaginal deliverydid not reduce perineal pain, it was acceptable to both the women and the midwives.F

From the given study, The objective of the study is "Testing whether the lidocaine spray reducing…

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MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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