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What is the null hypothesis (Ho) and alternative hypothesi

What is the null hypothesis (Ho) and alternative hypothesi

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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What is the null hypothesis (Ho) and alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

Effectiveness and acceptability of lidocaine spray in reducing perineal pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery: randomised controlled trial Julia Sanders, MRC HSR training fellow,¹ Rona Campbell, professor of health services research, ¹ and Tim J Peters, professor of primary care health services research² ▸ Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer Abstract Go to: Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a lidocaine spray in reducing perineal pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Consultant led obstetric unit. Participants 185 women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery without epidural analgesia. Interventions Topically applied local anaesthetic spray (93 women) and placebo spray (92 women). Main outcome measure Primary outcome measure was pain during delivery (0-100 scale). The 16 secondary outcome measures included second degree perineal trauma during delivery, trauma of the genital tract, and dyspareunia by two months. Results Lidocaine spray did not reduce pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery: mean 77 and 72 on a scale of 0-100 in the lidocaine and placebo groups, respectively (difference between means 4.8, 95% confidence interval -1.7 to 11.2). Lidocaine spray may reduce genital tract trauma during delivery, in particular second degree perineal trauma. The intervention was highly acceptable to the women and midwives. Conclusions Although lidocaine spray applied to the perineum during spontaneous vaginal delivery did not reduce perineal pain, it was acceptable to both the women and the midwives. F
Transcribed Image Text:Effectiveness and acceptability of lidocaine spray in reducing perineal pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery: randomised controlled trial Julia Sanders, MRC HSR training fellow,¹ Rona Campbell, professor of health services research, ¹ and Tim J Peters, professor of primary care health services research² ▸ Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer Abstract Go to: Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a lidocaine spray in reducing perineal pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Consultant led obstetric unit. Participants 185 women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery without epidural analgesia. Interventions Topically applied local anaesthetic spray (93 women) and placebo spray (92 women). Main outcome measure Primary outcome measure was pain during delivery (0-100 scale). The 16 secondary outcome measures included second degree perineal trauma during delivery, trauma of the genital tract, and dyspareunia by two months. Results Lidocaine spray did not reduce pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery: mean 77 and 72 on a scale of 0-100 in the lidocaine and placebo groups, respectively (difference between means 4.8, 95% confidence interval -1.7 to 11.2). Lidocaine spray may reduce genital tract trauma during delivery, in particular second degree perineal trauma. The intervention was highly acceptable to the women and midwives. Conclusions Although lidocaine spray applied to the perineum during spontaneous vaginal delivery did not reduce perineal pain, it was acceptable to both the women and the midwives. F
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