What is the head that must be supplied by the pump to the water to pump 0.4 m/s from the lower to the upper reservoir ? Hint: [The head loss in the pipes is given in the figure as a function of water velocity]. Elevation = 150m Water Elevation = 100m h=45v12g d=15cm Water Pump Elevation = 40m h=22.5v/2g d=20cm

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.