What is the difference between a basic packet filtering firewall and a stateful packet filtering firewall?

Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
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1) What is the difference between a basic packet filtering firewall and a stateful packet filtering
firewall?
2) Which network traffic uses TCP protocol and which uses UDP protocol?

Can someone take the time to answer these for me? I'm doing a HW and am stumped.

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Step 1: Introducing the concept

[ Note: As per our policy guidelines, in case of multiple different questions, we are allowed to answer the first question only. Kinldy repost the remaining questions separately. ]

Firewalls are fundamental components of network security, acting as barriers between internal networks and the external world, filtering incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules. Basic Packet Filtering Firewalls and Stateful Packet Filtering Firewalls represent two distinct approaches to this essential security measure.

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