States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
![**Problem Statement:**
What is the concentration of a 52.30 mL solution of HBr that is completely titrated by 33.50 mL of a 0.200 M NaOH solution?
**Solution:**
To find the concentration of the HBr solution, we can use the formula related to titration:
\[
\text{M}_1 \times \text{V}_1 = \text{M}_2 \times \text{V}_2
\]
Where:
- \(\text{M}_1\) is the molarity of the HBr solution.
- \(\text{V}_1\) is the volume of the HBr solution (52.30 mL).
- \(\text{M}_2\) is the molarity of the NaOH solution (0.200 M).
- \(\text{V}_2\) is the volume of the NaOH solution (33.50 mL).
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
\[ \text{HBr} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaBr} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Since the reaction is a 1:1 ratio, the equation simplifies to:
\[
\text{M}_1 \times 52.30 \, \text{mL} = 0.200 \, \text{M} \times 33.50 \, \text{mL}
\]
Rearranging to solve for \(\text{M}_1\):
\[
\text{M}_1 = \frac{0.200 \, \text{M} \times 33.50 \, \text{mL}}{52.30 \, \text{mL}}
\]
**Enter the Calculated Concentration Below:**
\[
[\text{HBr}] = \text{M}
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