Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
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### Determining Bond Order for Nitrite and Nitronium Ions
#### Step-by-Step Tutorial
This tutorial guides you through determining the bond order for the ions NO₂⁻ and NO₂⁺.
---
#### NO₂⁻ (Nitrite Ion)
**Diagram:**
A structure drawing tool is displayed, which includes options to draw single, double, and triple bonds, as well as oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms.
1. **Select**: The interface allows the selection of atoms and bonds.
2. **Draw**: Options to draw:
- Single bond
- Double bond
- Triple bond
3. **Templates**: Additional structural templates can be chosen (not detailed here).
4. **More**: Additional functionalities not shown in this image.
5. **Erase**: Erase drawings.
**Question:**
*What is the bond order for NO₂⁻?*
*Multiple choices:*
- 1.67
- 1.33
- 2
- 1
- 1.5
---
#### NO₂⁺ (Nitronium Ion)
**Diagram:**
A similar structure drawing tool as NO₂⁻, which includes functions to draw various bonds and add nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
1. **Select**: Choose atoms and bonds.
2. **Draw**: Options for:
- Single bond
- Double bond
- Triple bond
3. **Templates**: Structural templates.
4. **More**: Additional functionalities.
5. **Erase**: Remove drawings.
**Question:**
*What is the bond order for NO₂⁺?*
*Multiple choices:*
- 1
- 1.33
- 1.67
- 2
---
### Explanation
Bond order is calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Bond Order} = \frac{\text{number of bonding pairs}}{\text{number of bond positions}} \]
**For NO₂⁻:**
Calculate the bond order by considering the resonance structures and distributing the bond pairs over the bond positions.
**For NO₂⁺:**
Similarly, calculate the bond order by considering the resonance and the bonding pairs.
This tutorial ensures understanding of the bond order calculation for these ions using the given structure drawing tools.
---](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3e3f76e7-3e2b-4631-a85d-ebd3274410fe%2F7b6bb215-056d-45fd-8f99-e203608b0e37%2Frh6bcz_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:---
### Determining Bond Order for Nitrite and Nitronium Ions
#### Step-by-Step Tutorial
This tutorial guides you through determining the bond order for the ions NO₂⁻ and NO₂⁺.
---
#### NO₂⁻ (Nitrite Ion)
**Diagram:**
A structure drawing tool is displayed, which includes options to draw single, double, and triple bonds, as well as oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms.
1. **Select**: The interface allows the selection of atoms and bonds.
2. **Draw**: Options to draw:
- Single bond
- Double bond
- Triple bond
3. **Templates**: Additional structural templates can be chosen (not detailed here).
4. **More**: Additional functionalities not shown in this image.
5. **Erase**: Erase drawings.
**Question:**
*What is the bond order for NO₂⁻?*
*Multiple choices:*
- 1.67
- 1.33
- 2
- 1
- 1.5
---
#### NO₂⁺ (Nitronium Ion)
**Diagram:**
A similar structure drawing tool as NO₂⁻, which includes functions to draw various bonds and add nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
1. **Select**: Choose atoms and bonds.
2. **Draw**: Options for:
- Single bond
- Double bond
- Triple bond
3. **Templates**: Structural templates.
4. **More**: Additional functionalities.
5. **Erase**: Remove drawings.
**Question:**
*What is the bond order for NO₂⁺?*
*Multiple choices:*
- 1
- 1.33
- 1.67
- 2
---
### Explanation
Bond order is calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Bond Order} = \frac{\text{number of bonding pairs}}{\text{number of bond positions}} \]
**For NO₂⁻:**
Calculate the bond order by considering the resonance structures and distributing the bond pairs over the bond positions.
**For NO₂⁺:**
Similarly, calculate the bond order by considering the resonance and the bonding pairs.
This tutorial ensures understanding of the bond order calculation for these ions using the given structure drawing tools.
---
Transcribed Image Text:### Resonance Structures and Bond Order
In this section, we will explore the bond orders of polyatomic ions \( \text{NO}_3^- \) and \( \text{NO}_2^- \).
#### \( \text{NO}_3^- \) (Nitrate Ion)
1. **Representation**:
- The diagram provided showcases the drawing interface for the \( \text{NO}_3^- \) ion, consisting of options to use single, double, and triple bond symbols along with nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) atomic symbols.
2. **Graphical Tools**:
- The graphical tools include buttons to undo, redo, zoom in and out, and other drawing functionalities.
#### Question on Bond Order of \( \text{NO}_3^- \):
> What is the bond order for \( \text{NO}_3^- \)?
- Choices:
- \( 1.67 \)
- \( 1 \)
- \( 1.5 \)
- \( 1.33 \)
- \( 2 \)
*Please note that the bond order for \( \text{NO}_3^- \) is calculated using resonance structures which results in a fractional bond order.*
#### \( \text{NO}_2^- \) (Nitrite Ion)
1. **Representation**:
- The following diagram represents the drawing tool for the \( \text{NO}_2^- \) ion, which provides similar functionalities for illustrating chemical bonds and atomic symbols.
2. **Graphical Tools**:
- Provided graphical tools include options to undo, redo, zoom in and out, and various drawing functionalities.
#### Question on Bond Order of \( \text{NO}_2^- \):
> What is the bond order for \( \text{NO}_2^- \)?
- Choices:
- \( 1.67 \)
- \( 1.33 \)
- \( 2 \)
- \( 1 \)
- \( 1.5 \)
*As with \( \text{NO}_3^- \), the bond order for \( \text{NO}_2^- \) is determined by averaging the bond orders from its resonance structures.*
#### Explanation of Resonance Structures and Bond Order Calculation
Resonance structures are different ways of arranging the electrons in a molecule or ion that can’t be represented by a single Lewis structure. The actual structure is a
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