What is penetration? How is it related to shielding? Use the penetration effect to explain the difference in relative orbital en-ergies of a 3p and a 3d electron in the same atom.
What is penetration? How is it related to shielding? Use the penetration effect to explain the difference in relative orbital en-ergies of a 3p and a 3d electron in the same atom.
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Chapter5: Electron Configurations And The Periodic Table
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 46QRT
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What is penetration? How is it related to shielding? Use the penetration effect to explain the difference in relative orbital en-ergies of a 3p and a 3d electron in the same atom.
Expert Solution
Step 1
Penetration is the ability of an orbital to attract an electron. It is accompanied by the release of energy. It depends on the closeness of the orbital to the nucleus of the atom. It results in the higher attractive forces between the electrons and the nucleus of the atom.
The order of penetration effect of various orbitals is as follows:
s>p>d>f
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