What is learning? ● What is conditioning? ● What is Classical Conditioning? ○ What are the steps involved in classical conditioning? Who is Pavlov?
What is learning?
● What is conditioning?
● What is Classical Conditioning?
○ What are the steps involved in classical conditioning? Who is Pavlov?
○ What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)? Example?
○ What is an Unconditioned Response (USR) ? Example?
○ What is a Neutral Stimulus (NS)? Example?
○ How does a Neutral Stimulus change after conditioning occurs?
○ What is Conditioned Stimulus (CS)? How is it different than a UCS?
○ What is a Conditioned Response (CR)? How is it difference than a UCR?
○ What is spontaneous recovery? Be able to identify from an example.
○ What is extinction? Be able to identify from an example.
○ What is stimulus generalization? Be able to identify from an example
○ What is stimulus discrimination? Be able to identify from an example
○ Who was Baby Albert? Explain the experiment.
○ Who performed the Baby Albert experiments? Was this an ethical experiment?
Why or why not?
○ How did the experiments with Little Albert demonstrate classical conditioning,
stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?
○ What is conditioned taste aversion? How is it associated with classical
conditioning?
● What is Operant Conditioning? How does it differ from Classical Conditioning?
○ Discuss influence of Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner.
○ What is the law of effect?
○ What is reinforcement?
○ What is positive reinforcement? Example?
○ What is Negative reinforcement? Example?
○ What is escape?
○ What is avoidance?
○ What are the four schedules of reinforcement?
○ How is each schedule different in terms of behavior?
○ How is punishment different than reinforcement?
○ What is positive punishment?
○ What is negative punishment?
○ Can Punishment create a new behavior? Why or why not?
○ What are the limitations of punishment?
○ What is learned helplessness?
● What is observational learning?
○ Who is Albert Bandura?
○ What is modeling
○ What are mirror neurons? Do these influence social learning? Discuss.
Topic 2- Developing Through the Lifespan
● How do psychologists study development?
○ Identify two research methods for studying development
○ Why are twins important in studying development
● What is prenatal development?
○ What are the human reproductive cells (gametes)?
○ Where does conception take place?
○ What is the fertilized egg called?
○ What are the three stages of prenatal development?
○ How long is each of these stages?
○ What are some milestones for each stage?
○ What nourishes and protects the developing fetus during pregnancy?
○ What factors can influence prenatal development?
○ What are teratogens?
○ What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
○ What are the characteristics of FAS?
○ What is the age of viability? How does this affect the survival of the fetus?
● What are the primary reflexes?
○ Be able to identify each reflex.
○ When do these reflexes appear?
● What is cognitive development?
○ Who was Jean Piaget?
○ What is a schema?
○ What are the two ways Piaget believed people could change their schema?
○ What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
○ Be able to identify all the stages with milestones for each stage.
○ What is object permanence? When does it develop?
○ What is egocentrism?
○ What stage(s) is most associated with egocentrism?
○ What is conservation?
● What is Attachment?
○ When does attachment develop?
○ What factors affect the development of attachment?
○ What did Harry Harlow’s research suggest about attachment in children?
○ Is all attachment the same? Discuss Ainsworth’s research on the quality of
attachment relationships.
Topic 3- Personality
● What is Personality?
○ Is there one agreed upon theory of personality development? Why or why not?
○ How would a Behaviorist, Humanist, cognitive psychologist or bio-psychologist
explain personality development?
● What are Trait theories?
○ Identify famous theorists associated with this theory.
○ What is the “Big Five”?
○ Identify the Big 5 traits
● What is the psychodynamic approach to personality development?
○ Who is most associated with this theory?
○ What is the unconscious?
○ What are the three levels of the mind?
○ What are the ID, Ego and Superego?
○ What are the Psychosexual Stages of Development?
■ Identify each stage and focus for conflict
■ What are some adult personality characteristics for unresolved stages?
(fixations)
■ What are defense mechanisms?
■ Identify and explain the defense mechanisms discussed in lecture
■ Be able to apply each defense mechanism to situational examples
■ What are some criticisms of Freud’s theory? What are some benefits?
○ Explain the social-cognitive theory of personality
■ How is this different than Psychodynamic and trait theories? Discuss.
■ Which psychologist is most associated with this theory?
○ How does Humanistic Psychology explain personality?
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