a. What is ∆G for one cycle of the sodium-potassium exchange pump?b. In a cell, the energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP is approximately 60 kJ/mol. What is the energy efficiency of the sodium-potassium exchange pump? 4. One cycle of a sodium-potassium exchange pump, powered by the hydrolysis of one moleculeof ATP, moves three Nations out of the cell and two K+ ions into the cell. Each ion movesthrough a changing electric potential and a changing concentration. The change in the Gibbsfree energy is AG = AGelec +AG conc. The electric contribution is simply AGelec = AUelecThe concentration contribution is due to a change in entropy. This process is similar toosmosis, and a similar expression applies: AGcone = NkBT ln(cf/ci), where N is the numberof ions moved and c; and cf are the initial and final concentrations. Consider a muscle cellthat has a membrane potential of -90 mV. The sodium ion concentrations are [Na+]in = 15mM and [Na+]out = 150 mM. The potassium ion concentrations are [K+]in = 150 mM and[Na+]out = 4 mM. Assume a termperature of 37°C.

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What is ∆G for one cycle of the sodium-potassium exchange pump? b. In a cell, the energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP is approximately 60 kJ/mol. What is the energy efficiency of the sodium-potassium exchange pump?