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What is a living battery, can you explain how they function? Thank you
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- When is it possible for a cell to produce an electric current? Explain how electrical energy flow across the voltmeter (from anode to cathode or from cathode to anode).Check Your Understanding If you place a wire directly across the two terminal of a battery, effectively shorting out the terminals, the battery will begin to get hot. Wiry do you suppose this happens?Why is it possible for a bird to sit on a high-voltage wire without being electrocuted?
- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed pulse duration = 50.0 m/s 2.0 103 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in Figure P18.43. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = 0A/d and Q = C V to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.0 108 m, axon radius r = 1.0 101 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant = 3.0. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 102 V? Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per squared (2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 2 (1 = 1010 m). (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of + 3.0 102 V from the resting state of 7.0 102 V? How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na+ ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to + 3.0 102 V, starting from the resting potential of 7.0 102 V? Figure P18.43 Problem 43 and 44.Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed pulse duration = 50.0 m/s 2.0 103 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in Figure P18.43. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = 0A/d and Q = C V to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.0 108 m, axon radius r = 1.0 101 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant = 3.0. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 102 V? Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per squared (2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 2 (1 = 1010 m). (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of + 3.0 102 V from the resting state of 7.0 102 V? How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na+ ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to + 3.0 102 V, starting from the resting potential of 7.0 102 V? Figure P18.43 Problem 43 and 44.Why is it a bad idea to keep your phone constantly charging? Explain in terms of physics what this does to your phone and how it happens.
- 0: X + Denvellum.ecollege.com/course.html?courseld=17487819&OpenVellumHMAC=2eff1f5e5c39f8fae8797554f56600c3#10001 @ 2 F2 W Item 5 A 12 V car battery dies not so much because its voltage drops but because chemical reactions increase its internal resistance. A good battery connected with jumper cables can both start the engine and recharge the dead battery. Consider the automotive circuit of (Figure 1). Figure 3 0.01 2 + 12 VE 80 F3 E 0.50 Ω Jumpers Good battery $ 4 + 8V 1 Dead battery 000 000 F4 R 0.05 Ω % 5 1 of 1 Starter motor :::. F5 T 6 F6 Part A Y How much current could the good battery alone drive through the starter motor? Express your answer with the appropriate units. I = Submit Part B I = Value Part C How much current is the dead battery alone able to drive through the starter motor? Express your answer with the appropriate units. Submit MacBook Air & 7 B μA Request Answer Value F7 μA Request Answer P Pearson U O Units DII F8 Units ? 9 ? DD F9 0 0 F10 P F11 +Suppose you leave your car lights on while at a movie. When you return, your battery is too “weak” to start your car. A friend gives you a jump-start with his battery and battery cables. What physics is occurring here?What is the resulting voltage when you connect two (2) 1.5 V batteries in series?
- To enable continuous power even during night, you would need to have a regular 100 Ah, 12 V lead acid battery (you do not use much electricity in your small cottage). Image: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 However, you happen to have an old empty well in your backyard and you start to think if you could somehow utilize that. After all, batteries do not last forever and you would like to find a more sustainable solution. Image: Pxhere.com, CC0 Lets imagine that you could rig a gravitational energy storage by hanging a suitable weight on a cable and linking this cable to a motor-generator: if surplus electricity is available, the motor would lift the weight upwards in the well. Then, when electricity is needed, the weight would drop downwards and rotate the generator to produce electricity. Assumptions: The available well depth is 10 m, i.e. the maximum height difference you can use for the gravitational energy storage is 10 m. You can neglect all energy losses, friction, weight…6. The giant axon of a squid is 0.5 mm in diameter, 10 cm long, and not myelinated. Unmycli- nated cell membranes behave as capacitors with 1 μF of capacitance per square centimeter of membrane area. When the axon is charged to the -70 mV resting potential, what is the energy stored in this capacitance?Consider a battery used to supply energy to a cellular phone.Construct a problem in which you determine the energy that must be supplied by the battery, and then calculate the amount of charge it must be able to move in order to supply this energy. Among the things to be considered are the energy needs and battery voltage. You may need to lookahead to interpret manufacturer’s battery ratings in amperehours as energy in joules.
