Q: What are the differences between bacteria and viruses?
A: The differences between bacteria and viruses are as follows:Bacteria are cellular organisms whereas…
Q: How do e.coli bacteria and viruses relate to each other?
A: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common bacterium that is found in the intestines of humans and…
Q: Why are viruses called obligate intracellular parasites?
A: Virus (latin. Poison) is a nucleoprotein entity which is able to utilize the synthetic machinery of…
Q: Do viruses have peptidoglycan?
A: Viruses are defined as infectious agents that can survive only by invading the living cells. They…
Q: Are viruses considered as cells? why or why not?
A: "Virus" means poisonous fluid in Latin language. This term was coined by Louis Pasteur for an…
Q: are viruses living or non-living? Why!!
A: Virus can be connected as a link between living and non-living world.
Q: A virus is isolated, and individual virions appear spherical. What type of virus is this? A.…
A: The essential construction or structure of a virus is comprised of a hereditary information molecule…
Q: /hat is true about the difference between prions and viruses?
A: Introduction:- Virus is a microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or…
Q: Why are viruses important?
A: Viruses can be defined as ultramicroscopic infectious agents which can only exist in the living form…
Q: tumor viruses
A: Tumor viruses are the viruses which are capable of causing a wide variety of human diseases. The…
Q: Do viruses have metabolism?
A: Virus: Viruses are an infectious agent that replicates within the living cells of an organism. They…
Q: What is the difference between bacteria and a virus organism?
A: Organism may include any Individual such as bacteria, virus, protozoa etc.
Q: What is the different between bacteria and virus?
A: Microorganisms are widespread organism which may be unicellular, multicellular or exist in clusters.…
Q: How do viroids and prions cause disease?
A: Virus is a non-living pathogenic agent which depends on its host for survival. It is composed of…
Q: How could viruses have accelerated the evolution of cells?
A: Evolution is a variation in the genetic structure from one generation to the next one in a given…
Q: How are viroids different from viruses?
A: The viruses and viroid are the small particles that are parasitic infectious agents. These can…
Q: RNA viruses mutate and evolve faster than other viruses. Why?
A: Viruses are infectious parasite that needs host machinery to replicate. Viruses can be either RNA or…
Q: Which viruses are retroviruses?
A: Viruses are infectious biological agents that are alive only when they are present inside the cell…
Q: Do retroviruses change your DNA?
A: Gene is the basic functional unit of heredity. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that…
Q: Can viruses reproduce by themselves?
A: A virus is an infectious microorganism made up of a nucleic acid segment (DNA or RNA) encased in a…
Q: What are four differences between viruses and bacteria ?
A: Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments. These…
Q: How does a virus infect a cell?
A: Viruses are obligate, intracellular parasites. A virus must first recognize and attach to a specific…
Q: Do viruses have flagella?
A: Virus is an ultramicroscopic nucleoprotein entity which becomes active only inside living cell using…
Q: What enzyme is used by a retrovirus to make a DNA copy of its genome?
A: Viral genomes are very diverse, since they can be DNA or RNA, double- or single-stranded, circular…
Q: How can viruses cause mutations?
A: Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that have a DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, and…
Q: What accounts for the symptoms of viral diseases?
A: Viruses are very small obligate intracellular parasites possessing a genome of either DNA or RNA.…
Q: What role did viruses play in the evolution of life?
A: Biological evolution refers to the change in an individual's traits that were present in that person…
Q: Which came first virus or man? Why viruses infect humans the way they do?
A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. Viruses…
Q: What are the differences between Bacteria and Viruses?
A: Virus do not have cells whereas bacteria are unicellular. Bacteria are living organisms and virus…
Q: Do you think viruses are non-living or living organisms?
A: Microbes are the microscopic structure that cannot be seen as such through naked eyes. Microscope is…
Q: What causes influenza viruses to change through time?
A: Influenza is a "viral infection" that mainly affects the respiratory system of an individual. Mainly…
Q: Why do bacterial viruses often inject their DNA directly into the cell?
A: The bacterial viruses are virus that infects the animal, plant, and unicellular organisms.
Q: Which type of virus must contain an RNA replicase packaged in the viral particle in order to carry…
A: A virus is a small collection of genetic code, it can be DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat…
Q: Why must viruses be metastable?
A: Introduction A virus is a little piece of genetic information (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein…
Q: How do bacteria exchange genetic material? How do viruses use host cell? How does the body combat…
A: 1. How do bacteria exchange genetic material? Conjugation Is A Process through which one bacteria…
Q: What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? a) It converts viral RNA into…
A: Introduction Retroviruses:- Retroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that used RNA as their…
Q: RNA viruses mutate and evolve faster than other viruses.why?
A: Answer: Introduction: A virus is a smallest, intracellular parasite. Viruses contains either DNA or…
Q: How are viruses different from Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?
A: To describe How viruses are different from bacteria, archaea and eukarya
Q: How are prions different from viruses? How are they similar?
A: Viruses are infectious agents. They can only replicate inside the living cells. Viruses can infect…
Q: What is a prion? In what way does a prion differ fundamentally from viruses and viroids?
A: Infection is the invasion and reproduction of microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, etc. It…
Q: Do viruses grow and develop? Is there any evidence?
A: A virus is an infectious agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. The smallest part…
Q: What is it that makes diseases caused by viruses and bacteria hard to treat?
A:
Q: What is the difference between viruses and viroids?
A: Infection is defined as the state of invasion on the body tissues of an organism, which is caused by…
Q: Which of the following characteristics, structures,or processes is common to both bacteria…
A: Viruses are composed of proteins and nucleic acid. They have their genetic material encapsulated…
Q: How are viruses similar to cellular organisms? In what fundamental way do they differ?
A: Viruses are microscopic, the most primitive acellular infectious agents formed of nucleic acid and…
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- An antimicrobial drug binds to the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing it from working. Which of the following is true of this drug? It would inhibit early replication steps of some viruses, but not affect normal eukaryotic cell activity. It would directly interfere with translation of some viral proteins and some eukaryotic proteins. It would block assembly/maturation steps of some viruses, and interfere with translation in eukaryotic cells. It would interfere with release of newly formed viruses from a host cell, but not affect eukaryotic cells. It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic ribosomes. It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria and viruses, but not affect eukaryotic transcription.Every year, the United States and the world suffer a serious outbreak of emerging, re emerging or endemic disease. Using documented and reliable sources on the internet, find information about COVID-19 and its history. Please also list the souces used. 1: Vaccine development What are vaccines and how do they work? What attenuated virus vaccines are, who developed the vaccine (if one exists) and in what year, what strain was within the first vaccine. current vaccines available, and what strains they cover, and what current protocols are for vaccination in the US and in other countries Discuss current US state policies on vaccination requirements. If no vaccine is available, describe any current R&D or clinical trials in effect right now. 2: CDC and outbreak information On the CDC website and other sources to identify: - When widespread vaccination began and when it effectively eradicated the disease here (also discuss what that means) if applicable. 2. Outline past/ present…Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. Rhinovirus
- Viruses are considered non-living microbes, and yet they are responsible for many major disease outbreaks in humans, animals, and even plants. Consider the following: How are these non-living microbes able to reproduce without metabolic functions? Can viruses be exploited to help humans fight bacterial pathogens? Which viruses are able to stay dormant in the human body and reactivate later in life or when immune defenses are compromised? What impact might travel outside of the United States have in blood, tissue, or organ donation? Please answer question 1, 2, 3, and 4 if possible, thank you.Viruses are considered non-living microbes, and yet they are responsible for many major disease outbreaks in humans, animals, and even plants. Consider the following: How are these non-living microbes able to reproduce without metabolic functions? Can viruses be exploited to help humans fight bacterial pathogens? Which viruses are able to stay dormant in the human body and reactivate later in life or when immune defenses are compromised? What impact might travel outside of the United States have in blood, tissue, or organ donation?Answer the following 1.Are viruses living or non-living organisms? 2. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? 3. HIV is classified as a retrovirus. What are retroviruses? 4. In your own words, provide a short summary of the HIV replication cycle. 5. Why is reverse transcriptase an important enzyme in the replication cycle of HIV? 6. In the chapter about enzymes, we have discussed how drugs are basically inhibitors. There are currently a multitude of Antiretroviral therapy (ART or ARV) options available to people living with HIV (PLHIV) so that the viral replication is suppressed and does not progress to AIDS. What do you think these drugs target? Discuss briefly. 7. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes CoVid-19, belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Viruses under this family have a genome made of single-stranded positive-sense RNA. Is this similar to the viral genome of HIV? If so, do you think that – in theory – they would have similar replication cycles? 8. In your own opinion, do…
- What defines a virus' host range? Know the multiplication steps (in order) for a virus (both bacteriophage and animal viruses). What happens at each step? What is the major difference between the steps in animal viruses vs. bacteriophages? Describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophage infection. What are the different types of viral genomes possible? What are the differences between entry and exit for enveloped vs naked viruses? o i.e. fusion, endocytosis, budding or exocytosis, lysis/bursting/rupturing, Explain how viruses are cultured. Why would viruses need to be cultured? What is a latent viral infection? What are cytopathic effects (know examples). Know characteristics of viroids and prions. What are they? What kinds of diseases can they cause (know examples for prions) How can viral infections be treated? bpSome older vaccines used a weakened strain of the pathogenic virus in the injection in the hope that the weakened virus would induce an immune response without causing disease. The virus vectors used in genetic engineering have all the harmful virus genes cut out and replaced with the foreign gene, such as one that makes a protein that is absent in the human patient. Which type of viral vaccine would you prefer to take as the safest option? Why? Some Covid 19 vaccines in development use the adenovirus, a common vector used in gene therapies, to inject the mRNa for the spike protein into human muscle cells. Why might vaccines using a virus vector be more likely to need only refrigeration and not deep-cold storage, given what you know about viruses?Efforts to produce an HIV vaccine have met with limited success. What aspects of the virus and its replicative strategy make it difficult to produce a vaccine against HIV? What other kind of virus might be similarly different to vaccinate against? What similarities and differences exist between the two types of virus that account for the differences in vaccine production?
- Choose all the true statements regarding coronavirus proteins. Vaccine preventable diseases include COVID-19. For coronaviruses, it is more likely to find evolving mutations in the portion of the spike protein than the nucleocapsid protein. Mutations in the genetic code for the spike protein will produce 3D changes that are more likely to affect vaccine efficacy than changes to the nucleocapsid protein code. The nucleocapsid protein interacts with viral nucleic acid specifically whereas the spike protein interacts with the host protein non-specifically.You are researching how the virus that you are studying spreads through a host. Which of the following assays would be the most advanced to evaluate viral spread in real-time? euthanization of SCID mice followed by dissection and flow cytometry euthanization of mice infected with engineered viruses that express reporter proteins and staining for protein expression euthanization followed by dissection and assaying for the virus in tissues MRI imaging of mice expressing viral constructs that express bioluminescenceA patient is admitted to the hospital with a viral infection and is immediately treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. How will the course of the infection be affected by this treatment? The infection's length will remain the same because viruses do not have DNA or RNA, and so antibiotics do not affect them. The infection's length will be shorter because antibiotics can prevent viral entry into the cell by binding to host-receptor proteins. The infection's length will remain the same because antibiotics have no effect on eukaryotic cells or viruses. The infection's length will be shorter because antibiotics activate the immune system, and this decreases the severity of the infection.