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- The RO for SARS-Cov-2 (which causes Covid-19) is estimated to be as high as 3.6. If this is correct, what percentage of the population must be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity? 42% O 67% O 73% 81% O 88% ock16. The Type A Transferase enzyme, attaches N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to H-antigen epitopes; the Type B Transferase enzyme instead transfers galactose (Gal) to the H-antigen. Individuals with Type A blood thus have at minimum one copy of the active Type A Transferase, those with Type B have at minimum one copy of the active Type B Transferase, those with Type AB have one active copy of each, those with Type O have neither. Imagine an AB individual who acquires a mutation in their Type B Transferase gene that allows it to be active with either Gal or GalNAc. Make sure to include a brief justification for your answer to each question below. a. What blood type antigens would this individual express? b. If this individual had a child with a normal O partner, what possible blood type antigens could the child express? c. If this individual had a child with a homozygous dominant B partner (BB), what possible blood type antigens could the child express?Given the current rate of vaccinations, when should herd immunity be reached in the United States? O we're already there O January 2022 July 2021 O July 2022 May 2021
- Organ Transplants Must Be Immunologically In the human HLA system there are 23 HLA-A alleles, 47 for HLA-B, 8 for HLA-C, 14 for HLA-DR, 3 for HLA-DQ, and 6 for HLA-DP. How many different human HLA genotypes are possible?Why is the effectiveness of "herd immunity" so hotly debated within the SCIENTIFIC communityTABLE 6 | Correlation between immune markers and age. Marker NCI PAN LCI LP NK activity (lysis %) R Spearman -0.406 -0.305 -0.239 -0.204 -0.016 Р 0.004 0.035 0.101 0.165 0.913 NCI, Neutrophil Chemotaxis Index; PAN, phagocytic activity of neutrophils; LCI, Lymphocyte Chemotaxis Index; LP, lymphocyte proliferation; NK, natural killer. p is the associated value to the corresponding statistical test.
- True or false when vaccination levels with a population drop below a threshold herd immunity breaks down this allows the pathogens to spread more easily within the populationNeed help Th22, a type of T-helper cell, secretes IL-22 and appears to act in protecting skin from infection. From an immunology standpoint, do you believe or are confident that it should be considered an independent helper T-cell? West Nile virus is considered an avian flu-type virus. Being familiar with immunology, how is this virus now able to infect humans and why is it more dangerous than the seasonal flu that occurs yearly and is more common to society?What are the conspiracies and myths about SARS CoV-2 vaccination ?
- Even though the oral polio vaccine is not used in the developed world, it is still widely used in the developing world, in part because it confers what might be called “accidental” herd immunity. Can you speculate on what this is?Is vaccination a futile effort against mutated SARS-COV-2 variants ?To boost our natural immune system we should participate in moderate exercise. True False
