Need help with C++ Question ### Program ExplanationThe provided C++ program demonstrates the concept of method overloading and method hiding in inheritance.**Code:**```cpp#include class Base { public: void f(int) { std::cout << "i"; }};class Derived : Base { public: void f(double) { std::cout << "d"; }};int main() { Derived d; int i = 0; d.f(i);}```**Explanation:**1. **Classes and Inheritance:** - The program has two classes: `Base` and `Derived`. - `Derived` inherits from `Base`.2. **Method Definitions:** - `Base` has a public method `f(int)` that outputs `"i"`. - `Derived` defines a method `f(double)` which outputs `"d"`. This method hides the `f(int)` method from the `Base` class because it has the same name.3. **Main Function:** - An object `d` of type `Derived` is created. - An integer `i` is initialized to `0`. - The method `f(i)` is called on the `Derived` object `d`.**Behavior and Output:**Despite the integer `i` being passed, the `Derived` class method `f(double)` is chosen, due to method hiding. Thus, the integer `i` is implicitly converted to a double, and "d" is printed.**Key Concepts:**- **Function Overloading:** The ability to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.- **Method Hiding:** In C++, methods in a derived class hide all overloaded methods of the same name in the base class, unless explicitly brought into scope using `using` or similar.This behavior highlights the nuances of method resolution in C++ inheritance. To access the hidden method from the base class, you could explicitly call it using `Derived::Base::f(int)` or restructure the class inheritance using `using Base::f;` inside the `Derived` class.

A parent class "Base" is created with the member function "f(int)", which prints the string "i". A…

What does the following program do. Explain why. #include class Base { public: void f(int) { std::cout << "i"; } } ; class Derived : Base { public: void f(double) { std::cout << "d"; } }; int main () { Derived d; int i = 0; d.f(i); }

What does the following program do. Explain why. #include class Base { public: void f(int) { std::cout << "i"; } } ; class Derived : Base { public: void f(double) { std::cout << "d"; } }; int main () { Derived d; int i = 0; d.f(i); }

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Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

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Concept explainers

Class

Object Oriented Programming System (OOPs) is a programming model built on the perception of “objects” that contains data and methods. The major purpose of Object Oriented Programming is to increase the maintainability and flexibility of programs. Object Oriented Programming gets together data and its behavior (methods) in a single location (object) which makes it easier to understand.

Question

Need help with C++ Question

### Program Explanation

The provided C++ program demonstrates the concept of method overloading and method hiding in inheritance.

**Code:**

```cpp
#include <iostream>

class Base {
public:
void f(int) { std::cout << "i"; }
};

class Derived : Base {
public:
void f(double) { std::cout << "d"; }
};

int main() {
Derived d;
int i = 0;
d.f(i);
}
```

**Explanation:**

1. **Classes and Inheritance:**
- The program has two classes: `Base` and `Derived`.
- `Derived` inherits from `Base`.

2. **Method Definitions:**
- `Base` has a public method `f(int)` that outputs `"i"`.
- `Derived` defines a method `f(double)` which outputs `"d"`. This method hides the `f(int)` method from the `Base` class because it has the same name.

3. **Main Function:**
- An object `d` of type `Derived` is created.
- An integer `i` is initialized to `0`.
- The method `f(i)` is called on the `Derived` object `d`.

**Behavior and Output:**

Despite the integer `i` being passed, the `Derived` class method `f(double)` is chosen, due to method hiding. Thus, the integer `i` is implicitly converted to a double, and "d" is printed.

**Key Concepts:**

- **Function Overloading:** The ability to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.
- **Method Hiding:** In C++, methods in a derived class hide all overloaded methods of the same name in the base class, unless explicitly brought into scope using `using` or similar.

This behavior highlights the nuances of method resolution in C++ inheritance. To access the hidden method from the base class, you could explicitly call it using `Derived::Base::f(int)` or restructure the class inheritance using `using Base::f;` inside the `Derived` class.

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