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What are your recommendations for the improvement of this concept map on caring for a client with Otitis Media?

What are your recommendations for the improvement of this concept map on caring for a client with Otitis Media?

Phlebotomy Essentials
Phlebotomy Essentials
6th Edition
ISBN:9781451194524
Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)
Publisher:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)
Chapter1: Phlebotomy: Past And Present And The Healthcare Setting
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1SRQ
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What are your recommendations for the improvement of this concept map on caring for a client with Otitis Media?

LEGEND Case Scenario Diagnostic Exams & Findings Risk Factors You meet patient J. B, a two-and-a-half-year-old boy. His parents ask for an antibiotic prescription right away. J. Bs mom is sure that he has an ear infection. According to her, the last time he had these symptoms he was diagnosed with an ear infection. Nursing Care of Patient with Otitis Media Surgical Management Pathophysiology J. B's parents tell you that he complains of right ear pain. He has not had any ear discharge. His symptoms started yesterday afternoon, and this morning his rectal temperature was 38.5°C. Last week, J. B suffered from a mild upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) which he caught from daycare. He has not had any diarrhea or vomiting. The only relevant point on past history is a previous AOM at the age of one which was treated for ten days with an unknown antibiotic. He has no allergies or craniofacial abnormalities. He is otherwise healthy. On physical examination, J. B is awake and playful. He has a runny nose with a clear discharge. His vital signs are within normal limits for his age, except for an oral temperature of 38.3°C. His lungs are clear to auscultation, there are no other abnormal findings on examination. There is no lymphadenopathy. On otoscopic examination, you see a bulging and erythematous right tympanic membrane. His left tympanic membrane is normal. J. B is most likely suffering from acute otitis media. Signs and Symptoms Complication Medical Conditions predisposing the client to ear infections -Incus Upper Respiratory Children (>6 years) Smoke Exposure -Malleus Infections Medical Stapes Condition Middle Management ear Ear drum Inflammation of surrounding structures in the Allergic Reactions in the Upper Respiratory Tract -Eustachian upper respiratory tract Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Interventions e Re tube Pathogens in nasopharynx secretions ascend to the Eustachian Tube Bullous formation Thickening Otitis media -Inflammation and fluid Pathogens (Bacterial or Viral) enters the Eustacian Tube) Te ent Pull ear up & back ONTIS MEDIA a typically caused by en ollergic reacten a viral fedien er e bodelel ideten Obstruction of the Eustachian Tube Middle ear effusion Perforation Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Merele catahal Erythematic, Bulging Tympanic Membrane Tympanic Membrane Perforation Streptecoce preunnice Antibiotic Therapy Eardrum Pull ear down & back Infoned erdrum Pathogens enter the Middle Ear Myringotomy Normel midle e Midde ear iletion IOnIS MEDIA Antibiotic Otic How to Instill Ear Drops in Children How to Instill Ear Drops in Adults Eutachian tube Hoenephlus iluene Preparation Nursesiabe Otoscopy Conductive Hearing Systemic Symptoms Otorrhea Otalgia Aural Tenderness No evidence of Active Infection Loss Independent ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA • Assess the parent's current knowledge on the condition, the risks of exposing the infant/child to passive smoking, feeding activities witl the infant, and exposure to illness. • Explain possible causes of OM: exposure to illness of others, irritation from environmental smoke, or formula entering the eustachian tube when the infant is fed in a supine position. • Provide privacy for discussion, promote trust, remain nonjudgmental, and support parents. • Teach parents (and child if age- appropriate) about OM using an ear model for demonstration. Ask parents to verbalize their understanding of teaching. Brain Abscess Serous Otitis Media Permanent Hearing Acute Otitis Media Los Nursing Priority #3 Diagnosis Deficient Knowledge r/t Lack of Information RISK FACTORS Meningitis Popping and Crackling Noises Sensation of Eustachian Tube Hearing Loss Fullness in the Ear Congestion attempts to Open o Otoscopy Recurrent NORMAL EAR Corticosteroids Valsalva Maneuver Irreversible Tisue Pathology Independent Myringotomy Tympanic Membrane Damaged Ossicles Destroyed Mastoid Affected • Assess client's description and frequency of pain; Use a pain rating scale, Observe if the infant is tugging or rubbing an ear. • Monitor and record vital signs closely. Encourage and assist the parent to hold and comfort the client. • Encourage the mother to provide and offer liquid to soft foods. Nursing Priority #1 Diagnosis Nursing Priority # 3 Diagnosis: Disturbed Sensory Perception r/t Inflammation and Acute Pain r/t Presence of Otorrhea (Foul- CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE OTTTIS MEDIA Acute Mastoiditis Inflammation and Increase Pressure in the Perforation Pain Hearing Loss smelling) Edema of Middle Ear Dependent Middle Ear Type ! • Administer pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen as prescribed. Systemic Antibiotic Agents Application of Antibiotic Drops Chronic Otitis Media Otoscopic Guidance Suctioning of the Ear Antibiotic Powder Independent • Assess client's hearing ability. Ask an older child to describe hearing loss (e.g., Is my hearing muffled in one ear? or is there an absence of sound in the affected ear?). • Provide information about the condition and Tymnoplasty Type II Otoscopy Ossiculoplasty Chronic Mastoiditis Eardrum Тympanic cavity Mastoidectomy answer any inquiries. Reassure parents and child that hearing loss is not permanent and will resolve with treatment. • Reduce unnecessary environmental noise. • Encourage parents voice and look at the child when talking. Cholesteatoma Туре I Туре IV Type V speak in a loud and clear Cholesteatoma Dependent Enlarges Tympanostomy tube inserted into the eardrum Eustachian • Administer pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen as prescribed. tube Damage to Surrounding Horizontal Canal Facial Nerve Damage Damage Structures MedicineNet © 2019
Transcribed Image Text:LEGEND Case Scenario Diagnostic Exams & Findings Risk Factors You meet patient J. B, a two-and-a-half-year-old boy. His parents ask for an antibiotic prescription right away. J. Bs mom is sure that he has an ear infection. According to her, the last time he had these symptoms he was diagnosed with an ear infection. Nursing Care of Patient with Otitis Media Surgical Management Pathophysiology J. B's parents tell you that he complains of right ear pain. He has not had any ear discharge. His symptoms started yesterday afternoon, and this morning his rectal temperature was 38.5°C. Last week, J. B suffered from a mild upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) which he caught from daycare. He has not had any diarrhea or vomiting. The only relevant point on past history is a previous AOM at the age of one which was treated for ten days with an unknown antibiotic. He has no allergies or craniofacial abnormalities. He is otherwise healthy. On physical examination, J. B is awake and playful. He has a runny nose with a clear discharge. His vital signs are within normal limits for his age, except for an oral temperature of 38.3°C. His lungs are clear to auscultation, there are no other abnormal findings on examination. There is no lymphadenopathy. On otoscopic examination, you see a bulging and erythematous right tympanic membrane. His left tympanic membrane is normal. J. B is most likely suffering from acute otitis media. Signs and Symptoms Complication Medical Conditions predisposing the client to ear infections -Incus Upper Respiratory Children (>6 years) Smoke Exposure -Malleus Infections Medical Stapes Condition Middle Management ear Ear drum Inflammation of surrounding structures in the Allergic Reactions in the Upper Respiratory Tract -Eustachian upper respiratory tract Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Interventions e Re tube Pathogens in nasopharynx secretions ascend to the Eustachian Tube Bullous formation Thickening Otitis media -Inflammation and fluid Pathogens (Bacterial or Viral) enters the Eustacian Tube) Te ent Pull ear up & back ONTIS MEDIA a typically caused by en ollergic reacten a viral fedien er e bodelel ideten Obstruction of the Eustachian Tube Middle ear effusion Perforation Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Merele catahal Erythematic, Bulging Tympanic Membrane Tympanic Membrane Perforation Streptecoce preunnice Antibiotic Therapy Eardrum Pull ear down & back Infoned erdrum Pathogens enter the Middle Ear Myringotomy Normel midle e Midde ear iletion IOnIS MEDIA Antibiotic Otic How to Instill Ear Drops in Children How to Instill Ear Drops in Adults Eutachian tube Hoenephlus iluene Preparation Nursesiabe Otoscopy Conductive Hearing Systemic Symptoms Otorrhea Otalgia Aural Tenderness No evidence of Active Infection Loss Independent ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA • Assess the parent's current knowledge on the condition, the risks of exposing the infant/child to passive smoking, feeding activities witl the infant, and exposure to illness. • Explain possible causes of OM: exposure to illness of others, irritation from environmental smoke, or formula entering the eustachian tube when the infant is fed in a supine position. • Provide privacy for discussion, promote trust, remain nonjudgmental, and support parents. • Teach parents (and child if age- appropriate) about OM using an ear model for demonstration. Ask parents to verbalize their understanding of teaching. Brain Abscess Serous Otitis Media Permanent Hearing Acute Otitis Media Los Nursing Priority #3 Diagnosis Deficient Knowledge r/t Lack of Information RISK FACTORS Meningitis Popping and Crackling Noises Sensation of Eustachian Tube Hearing Loss Fullness in the Ear Congestion attempts to Open o Otoscopy Recurrent NORMAL EAR Corticosteroids Valsalva Maneuver Irreversible Tisue Pathology Independent Myringotomy Tympanic Membrane Damaged Ossicles Destroyed Mastoid Affected • Assess client's description and frequency of pain; Use a pain rating scale, Observe if the infant is tugging or rubbing an ear. • Monitor and record vital signs closely. Encourage and assist the parent to hold and comfort the client. • Encourage the mother to provide and offer liquid to soft foods. Nursing Priority #1 Diagnosis Nursing Priority # 3 Diagnosis: Disturbed Sensory Perception r/t Inflammation and Acute Pain r/t Presence of Otorrhea (Foul- CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE OTTTIS MEDIA Acute Mastoiditis Inflammation and Increase Pressure in the Perforation Pain Hearing Loss smelling) Edema of Middle Ear Dependent Middle Ear Type ! • Administer pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen as prescribed. Systemic Antibiotic Agents Application of Antibiotic Drops Chronic Otitis Media Otoscopic Guidance Suctioning of the Ear Antibiotic Powder Independent • Assess client's hearing ability. Ask an older child to describe hearing loss (e.g., Is my hearing muffled in one ear? or is there an absence of sound in the affected ear?). • Provide information about the condition and Tymnoplasty Type II Otoscopy Ossiculoplasty Chronic Mastoiditis Eardrum Тympanic cavity Mastoidectomy answer any inquiries. Reassure parents and child that hearing loss is not permanent and will resolve with treatment. • Reduce unnecessary environmental noise. • Encourage parents voice and look at the child when talking. Cholesteatoma Туре I Туре IV Type V speak in a loud and clear Cholesteatoma Dependent Enlarges Tympanostomy tube inserted into the eardrum Eustachian • Administer pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen as prescribed. tube Damage to Surrounding Horizontal Canal Facial Nerve Damage Damage Structures MedicineNet © 2019
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