Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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What are two questions you developed from reading this passage?
Transcribed Image Text:In human mating, or sexual intercourse, 100,000,000 sperm are ejaculated into
the vagina. The sperm then travels through the cervix, across the uterus, and into the
fallopian tube. If an egg is passing through one of the fallopian tubes after being
released from the ovary during ovulation, fertilization occurs. Thus internal fertilization
has occurred within the body of the female. The gametes (sperm and egg) fuse in the
moist reproductive tract of the female. Fertilization occurs when there is fusion of a
sperm nucleus and an egg nucleus which results in a diploid cell called a zygote.
Transcribed Image Text:After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage, which is a process of cell
division in a fertilized egg. Once the fertilized egg has divided over 100 times, it is called
a blastula. Meanwhile, the fertilized egg is moving from the fallopian tube to the uterus.
Once in the uterus, the outer layer of cells secrete enzymes that digest part of the thick
lining of the uterus, and the embryo attaches itself to the uterus. This attachment is
called implantation. Once the embryo is attached, it develops and grows for the entirety
of pregnancy. Cells undergo mitosis and keep dividing. After they divide and grow, they
undergo differentiation when cells get specialized jobs – some become blood cells,
others skin cells, others brain cells. At this point, the embryo is now considered a fetus.
Important to the development of the fetus is the ability to get nutrients. The
placenta is an organ that is connected to the mother's uterus wall and to the fetus by the
umbilical cord. The placenta is a bridge that allows nutrients to be transferred from the
mother to the embryo or fetus. Also, metabolic waste products are transferred from the
embryo or fetus to the mother's circulatory system. The placenta functions by active and
passive transport.
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