What are the receptors used by influenza viruses? Q. Host Receptor: Q. Describe the changes that occur in the viral receptor protein during entry? Viral Receptor:_. Q. What maturation process must occur with the HA protein and why is this important? Q. Where does genome replication occur? Q. Why is this unique? Q. Why might influenza viruses use this strategy?

Q: Consider the separate stages of an animal virus life cycle. Assemble a short list of structures and…

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: 8. Another unique feature of coronaviruses is usage of a -1 ribosomal frameshift. Explain this…

A: Defination- Ribosomal frameshifting is a biological phenomenon that occurs during translation that…

Q: Describe the structural features of the human immunodeficiency virus and the host cell membrane that…

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two human-infecting species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of…

Q: How do the anti viral drugs such as nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, protease inhibitors, interferons,…

A: The antiviral drugs are the medications provided to treat viral infections. These drugs do not…

Q: Viral DNA synthesis cannot take place in a resting cell. How is this problem solved? Which one is…

A: The question is asking about the mechanism by which viruses are able to replicate their DNA within a…

Q: Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes.

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious expert that rehashes simply inside the living cells of an…

Q: Are the HIV-1 protease inhibitors transition state analogs? Why or why not?

A: A drug that resembles the substrate portion of transition state of a reaction normally catalyzed by…

Q: In your own words, explain how damage to the host cell's DNA can trigger latent bacteriophage to…

A: DNA:  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil…

Q: How might the virus target host-cell Z-DNA formation to block the synthesis of antiviral proteins?

A: Antiviral proteins are proteins formed by animal or human cells that are responsible for the…

Q: Label the key to indicate the functions of the genes in the HIV genome. Infectivity and budding…

A: AIDS is caused by the human immuno deficiency virus (HIV), a member of a group of virus called…

Q: D) polyhedral The first step in viral infection is the recognition between the virus and the host…

A: The virus is a microscopic organism that infects other cells to survive. The virus can only…

Q: Fig. 5: LAPTM5 transports HIV-1 Env to the lysosome for degradation. a 120, x43 x 137 x146 NL4-3…

A: "ANSWER  By causing damage to HIV-1 Env, LAPTM5 transports it to the lysosome. With Vpr-defective…

Q: Which of the following is a common order of the steps in a viralreproductive cycle? (Note:…

A: Viruses are sub microscopic infectious agents. They can infect all types of organisms from plants…

Q: How does Covid-19 infect and effect the respiratory system? Are other body systems affected by the…

A: Coronavirus or Covid-19 is the most prevailing disease in the current days all around the world. The…

Q: During the lysogenic cycle of lambda (A) phage the phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome…

A: Bacteriophage are those viruses which are found to be in fact to the bacterial cell.

Q: Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes.

A: A virus is a malicious programme that copies itself to another programme in order to perpetuate…

Q: How are protein synthesis and genomic replication similar ordifferent in poliovirus and the SARS…

A: Poliovirus cause Poliomyletis disease characterized by bone and muscle deformities and makes the…

Q: What is the function of the Matrix protein during rabies virus pathogenesis?

A: Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that is responsible for causing rabies disease in humans as well…

Q: mode: Arrange the following events in the correct order of expression during λ phage's lytic (a)…

A: Lambda phage is a virus that infects bacteria. It is one of the most extensively studied viruses and…

Q: Antigenic shifts in influenza viruses are represented by dra-matic changes in the viral antigens. It…

A: Influenza virus comprised of segmented nucleic acid, nucleocapsid protein, matrix, matrix protein,…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning the infection of human cells by the HIV virus is false?…

A: a) After entry to the cell, the virus coat is removed and then the viral DNA is re;ease into the…

Q: What is the exact role of each specific viral protein? Explain

A: Norovirus is a contagious virus that is responsible for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract…

Q: Viral DNA synthesis cannot take place in a resting cell. How is this problem solved? Group of answer…

A: DNA synthesis is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA to produce two identical copies of…

Q: 00 Examine the structures below of several anti-viral drugs. Match the anti-viral drugs with the…

A: Inhibits the viral DNA polymerase of herpesvirus : Acyclovir  Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits viral…

Q: Can you compare and contrast the infection process of influenza and HIV? What are the specific…

A: Virus can be referred to as a genetic material enveloped by a protein coat that can infect and…

Q: Discuss the characteristics of retroviruses. How do they act? How is their action different from…

A: Retrovirus are virus that has RNA as genetic material. When it infects the cell it first convert RNA…

Q: The viral genome needs to get to the nucleus for the virus that replicates in the nucleus. In other…

A: Viruses have genetic material either DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a protein coat. They require…

Q: Which best describe the HIV REV protein? Code for proteins necessary for synthesis of the viral…

A: HIV REV Protein:  Rev is a transactivating protein required for HIV-1 (and other lentiviral) protein…

Q: Explain : Vpr counteracts LAPTM5 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages

A: Vpr means viral protein R and it is a HIV  gene and protein product. This gene is responsible for…

Q: Describe how discontinuous transcription is used by coronavirus to express their genes Thank you!

A:

Q: Briefly describe how the Latency-associated transcripts (LATS) of herpes simplex viruses regulate…

A: Latency associated transcript or LAT gene is the region of viral genome. It is transcribed greatly…

Q: What steps in the viral maturation process are inhibited bynucleoside analogs? By protease…

A: A virus is a microscopic organism that is pathogenic to humans and animals, mainly. The genetic…

Q: We are close to having 2 RNA vaccines for covid.  (8 pts) Use what we know about the chemical…

A: mRNA vaccine is the type of immunization technique which uses central dogma of molecular biology to…

Q: 4. During development of an antiviral drug to inhibit enteroviruses, resistant viruses are isolated,…

A: Enteroviruses are a type of virus that causes a variety of diseases in people, ranging from mild…

Q: n the "Vaccine Strategies" figure, multiple vaccination options are presented. Select all options…

A: Vaccine refer to the material used to induce artificial active immunity.  Vaccine is of following…

Q: he time of covid

A: Covid-19 is a respiratory system-based viral infection. The virus responsible for this disease gains…

Q: ss (-) RNA viral genome RNA polymerase RNA-dependent Coples (-) RNA strand RNA-dependent RNA…

A: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they can only replicate inside a living host…

Q: Describe the role of the Gag polyprotein during the assembly of HIV components at the host-cell…

A:

Q: Researchers studying the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also known as COVID-19, have found that the virus is able…

A: Answer :-  Option D is explained properly SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysomomes of its host cell by…

Q: Compare and contrast host mechanisms that restrict virus infection by specifically interacting with…

A: Yearly epidemics and sporadic pandemics of respiratory infections caused by influenza viruses result…

Q: What is the function of the VPg protein of poliovirus,and how can coronaviruses replicate without a…

A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells. Once inside a…