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From the pictures attached, what are the dependent variables for study 2

From the pictures attached, what are the dependent variables for study 2

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Chapter1: The Science Of Psychology
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1TY
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Directions: From the pictures attached, what are the dependent variables for study 2 (check all that apply).


 
SOCIAL COMPARISON, WARNING ON SOCIAL MEDIA participants may develop stereotypes associated with thin and overweight people and make judgments on that. The results concluded that participants exposed to overweight images used words like weight and thin which lead to downward social comparison. It also displayed the stereotypes of other people's bodies who are skinny (Pena & Pan, 2016). A study by Tiggeman et al. (2012), suggested that the media should put a caption on pictures that are digitally photoshopped. This would forewarn people that the image is fake, and they were engaging in upward or downward comparison. The researchers wanted to see the impact that was associated with women's body dissatisfaction of having warnings that were specific, nonspecific, and no warning labels on fashion magazines. The participants were given magazines with no warning and warning labels. The results showed that there was no difference in results for warning or no warning labels showed for experiment one. However, for the specific warning label resulted in an increase in women's body dissatisfaction (Tiggeman, et al., 2012). 10 In a study by Brown and Tiggeman (2016), the researchers wanted to test the impact of attractive celebrities on one's body image. All the images they collected for the study were from Instagram. The results concluded that people being exposed to good-looking celebrities had a negative feeling about themselves, along with having a negative view of their bodies (Brown & Tiggemen, 2016). This showed that being exposed to people who are prettier than you can damage your self-esteem. Another way that social media effects individuals is the way it tends to cause people to imitate their behavior. A study was conducted by Hinduja and Patchin (2013), where they believed that teens are influenced by their friends and family's behaviors at school. The researchers wanted to test if peers, adults, or family had an influence on cyberbullying in teenagers. The results showed that if their friends are engaging in this behavior, then the SOCIAL COMPARISON, WARNING ON SOCIAL MEDIA 11 individual said they have also engaged in cyberbullying. Furthermore, the teenagers that were influenced by their parents or adults that told them bullying is not acceptable, then they were less likely to engage in that behavior (Hinduja & Patchin, 2013). This study displays that people you are influenced by can play a role in your actions, despite being good or bad. The evidence from previous studies suggests that being exposed or forewarned about a topic can influence the way you think about yourself and that having a forewarning about the topic can be harmful to individual's health because people will feel negatively about themselves, in study two we will explore this idea. The independent variable in study two is forewarning. We
Transcribed Image Text:SOCIAL COMPARISON, WARNING ON SOCIAL MEDIA participants may develop stereotypes associated with thin and overweight people and make judgments on that. The results concluded that participants exposed to overweight images used words like weight and thin which lead to downward social comparison. It also displayed the stereotypes of other people's bodies who are skinny (Pena & Pan, 2016). A study by Tiggeman et al. (2012), suggested that the media should put a caption on pictures that are digitally photoshopped. This would forewarn people that the image is fake, and they were engaging in upward or downward comparison. The researchers wanted to see the impact that was associated with women's body dissatisfaction of having warnings that were specific, nonspecific, and no warning labels on fashion magazines. The participants were given magazines with no warning and warning labels. The results showed that there was no difference in results for warning or no warning labels showed for experiment one. However, for the specific warning label resulted in an increase in women's body dissatisfaction (Tiggeman, et al., 2012). 10 In a study by Brown and Tiggeman (2016), the researchers wanted to test the impact of attractive celebrities on one's body image. All the images they collected for the study were from Instagram. The results concluded that people being exposed to good-looking celebrities had a negative feeling about themselves, along with having a negative view of their bodies (Brown & Tiggemen, 2016). This showed that being exposed to people who are prettier than you can damage your self-esteem. Another way that social media effects individuals is the way it tends to cause people to imitate their behavior. A study was conducted by Hinduja and Patchin (2013), where they believed that teens are influenced by their friends and family's behaviors at school. The researchers wanted to test if peers, adults, or family had an influence on cyberbullying in teenagers. The results showed that if their friends are engaging in this behavior, then the SOCIAL COMPARISON, WARNING ON SOCIAL MEDIA 11 individual said they have also engaged in cyberbullying. Furthermore, the teenagers that were influenced by their parents or adults that told them bullying is not acceptable, then they were less likely to engage in that behavior (Hinduja & Patchin, 2013). This study displays that people you are influenced by can play a role in your actions, despite being good or bad. The evidence from previous studies suggests that being exposed or forewarned about a topic can influence the way you think about yourself and that having a forewarning about the topic can be harmful to individual's health because people will feel negatively about themselves, in study two we will explore this idea. The independent variable in study two is forewarning. We
Study two Forewarning is providing an individual with information that they would have otherwise not have known before time. By having a warning, the individual will start processing that information, which may have an impact on their feelings toward what is going to happen in the future. Providing individuals with a forewarning will increase the likelihood of that person being SOCIAL COMPARISON, WARNING ON SOCIAL MEDIA persuaded by the information they received, and this will in return have an effect on their self- image. 9 The impact of internet forewarning on ratings of attraction was researched by Leon, et al. (2003). The study looked at attraction between male and females. This was done providing the participants with pictures of the people online. Half of the participants were given a forewarning message about deceiving people online, and the other half were given no message, just a statement about the use of the internet. The participants were then able to rate the attractiveness of the person online, and to see if they would want to continue communicating with that individual. The people in the photos were all different in attractiveness with different financial statuses. The researchers wanted to see if the forewarning would make the participants more cautious about further communications to the individual in the photo. The four conditions were high or low financial stability, with either attractive or not attractive. The results correlated with their hypothesis, where the participants that had a forewarning were more cautious and rated the photos as less attractive, as well as being less likely to continue talking to that person (Leon, et al., 2002). The use of forewarning in this study made them think that the internet was a way of deceiving people, and you should not trust what others post online. A more recent study conducted by Pena and Pan (2016) looked at how being exposed to skinny/obese and attractive/unattractive models on websites should influences their choice of wording when replying to a pro-weight lost or anti-weight loss program for advice. The hypothesis for the study was that participants who were exposed to good-looking and thin people were more predicted to engage in upward social comparison and give highly motivated advised.
Transcribed Image Text:Study two Forewarning is providing an individual with information that they would have otherwise not have known before time. By having a warning, the individual will start processing that information, which may have an impact on their feelings toward what is going to happen in the future. Providing individuals with a forewarning will increase the likelihood of that person being SOCIAL COMPARISON, WARNING ON SOCIAL MEDIA persuaded by the information they received, and this will in return have an effect on their self- image. 9 The impact of internet forewarning on ratings of attraction was researched by Leon, et al. (2003). The study looked at attraction between male and females. This was done providing the participants with pictures of the people online. Half of the participants were given a forewarning message about deceiving people online, and the other half were given no message, just a statement about the use of the internet. The participants were then able to rate the attractiveness of the person online, and to see if they would want to continue communicating with that individual. The people in the photos were all different in attractiveness with different financial statuses. The researchers wanted to see if the forewarning would make the participants more cautious about further communications to the individual in the photo. The four conditions were high or low financial stability, with either attractive or not attractive. The results correlated with their hypothesis, where the participants that had a forewarning were more cautious and rated the photos as less attractive, as well as being less likely to continue talking to that person (Leon, et al., 2002). The use of forewarning in this study made them think that the internet was a way of deceiving people, and you should not trust what others post online. A more recent study conducted by Pena and Pan (2016) looked at how being exposed to skinny/obese and attractive/unattractive models on websites should influences their choice of wording when replying to a pro-weight lost or anti-weight loss program for advice. The hypothesis for the study was that participants who were exposed to good-looking and thin people were more predicted to engage in upward social comparison and give highly motivated advised.
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