What are the different types of PCR and their application? Please answer at your own words.
PCR : Polymerase chain reaction - It is an efficient and cost effective molecular tool to copy or amplify small segments of DNA or RNA .
Principle : It combines the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization with those of nucleic acid replication that are applied repeatedly through numerous cycles . It results in the exponential production of the specific target DNA/RNA sequences by a factor of 107 within a relatively short period.
This in vitro amplification technique can amplify a single copy of nucleic acid target by using two synthetic oligonucleotides primers that bind to the target genomic sequence , which are extended by taq polymerase. An automated process of repeated cycles of denaturation of the template DNA , annealing of primers to their complementary sequences and primer extension are employed for the amplification of target sequence.
Several modifications of PCR methods have been developed to enhance the utility of this method in diagnostic settings. Some of the common types of PCR :
1 Real time PCR
2. Reverse Transcriptase PCR
3. Multiplex PCR
4. Nested PCR
5. High fidelity PCR
6. Fast PCR
7. Hot start PCR
8.GC rich PCR
9. Long range PCR
10. Arbitrary primed PCR
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