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- What are the differences between unfertilized and fertilized egg?
- Differentiate miolecithal, medialecithal and megalecithal. What organisms exhibit these features?
- What is the difference between isolecithal and telolecithal? How may these features affect the development of the organisms?
- What structures are derived from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and the endoderm?
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- From a 24-hour chick embryo, provide the answers in the following: Pairs of somites in a 24-hour chick embryo Germ layer/s that forms the head process What begins the formation head of process Germ layer/s that form the proamnion Explain why the notochord is not visible in areas where the somites are seenStudy the sea star development slides, including early and late stages and identify the following stages and structures: zygote, two cell stage, morula (stage), blastula (stage), blastocoel (cavity), archenteron (cavity), ectoderm (layer), endoderm (layer), gastrula (stage). **See Table 52.1, Section 52.3 & 52.4 in textbook ** Why is it useful to study the development of sea stars (Echinodermata) when studying human development? What do the two have in common?Which of the following is true about Sea urchin blastula formation and fate map? a) ectoderm that develops into the larval skin and neurons, is regularly produced by the vegetal half of the embryo. b) an1 layer generates cells that can enter either the ectodermal or endodermal organs of the larva. c) veg2 layer forms the endoderm, coelom (internal mesodermal body wall), and the non- skeletogenic mesenchyme. d) small micromeres differentiate into the PGCS e) large micromeres differentiate into the secondary mesenchyme cells
- What is the function of the notochord? What organisms possess notochords throughout their lives and what organisms have notochords but degenerate in their early development?What parts are persistent throughout the development of the sea urchin embryo? Why are these present in all the stages?What are the four membranes associated with amniotic eggs? What is the function of each of these membranes?
- What are the molecules being secreted by the organizer in a regional fashion such that the first cells involuting through the blastopore lip (the endomesoderm) induce head structures, whereas the next portion of involuting mesoderm (notochord) produces trunk and tail structures?What is the difference between a mesoderm and a mesoglea?What are the archenteron and the blastopore? What is the stage of the embryonic development in which these structures are formed? What are the destinations of the archenteron and of the blastopore?
- Explain: Is the degenerating blastocoel visible in the frog gastrula? How much yolk protrudes through the blastopore of a frog gastrula How much yolk protrudes through the blastopore of a frog gastrula? Chickens lack a larval stage. How do they compensate for this?What is the importance of blastopore formation in protostomes? There may be multiple correct answers. Select one or more: O it is involved in the process of gastrulation to form the third layer of tissues in triploblastic organisms: the mesoderm O it is involved in the process of gastrulation, and will be used to release gases from the internal body of an organism O that the gastrovascular cavity of protostomes is formed by the indentation of the blastula early in development, starting with the mouth O that the gastrovascular cavity of protostomes is formed by the indentation of the blastula early in development, starting with the anus O the blastopore isn't really that importantWith regard to early cleavage in the sea urchin, is the entire zygote involved in early cleavage? What happens to the size of cells as the cell number increases? Do they get bigger or smaller in these early stages? How does the size of these cells compare to the size of the original fertilized egg?
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