What are the 3 theories of socialization?
What are the 3 theories of socialization?
Socialization is a process where the individual is taught about the values and norms of the community he belongs to the norms and values of the society that he should follow while acting. The socialization process takes place due to several groups. The family plays a major role in primary socialization, where they influence the children with their religious norms and cultural customs. In the later phase, the formal organizations occupy the position to socialize the individual about the societal norms and values.
The three main theories of socialization are Freud's psychoanalysis theory, Cooley's theory of the looking glass self, Mead's theory of I and me.
Freud's theory: Talcott parson was the one who determined it as one among the theories of socialization. This theory focuses on the self-development by dividing the human mind into three parts: the Id, the Ego, The superego. The Id represents the unsocialized aspects of human actions. It describes the actions like hunger, aggression, etc. it includes the actions that are immediately required to be performed. The ego comes in between the Id and Superego. It represents the acting individual. It plays a mediator role between the desires and the actions. The superego represents social ideals like norms, values, traditions. It tells that these are internalized into the human mind as the social authority.
Cooley's theory: It is defined as the looking-glass self-theory where the individual distinguishes himself from the other individuals in the society. It involves knowing the nature of the self from the reactions of the others who also take part in the action. It involves the three stages like the individual imagining his appearance from the other's point of view, the imagination of the other's judgment about the individual, and the individual's feeling about the judgment of others about the individual.
G.H. Mead's theory: In his theory, he described the process of child development and how they use the concepts I and me. The I represents the immediate response of the individual, which is an unpredicted action. Me, is defined as other individuals' attitudes, which the child adopts and inculcated into himself. The individuals develop their social consciousness by looking at them from the other's perspective. This development involves two stages, as Mead describes, the play stage and the game stage.
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