What are capital gains and losses, and how are they taxed?

Essentials Of Investments
11th Edition
ISBN:9781260013924
Author:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.
Publisher:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.
Chapter1: Investments: Background And Issues
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What are capital gains and losses, and how are they taxed?

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Capital Gains

A capital gain is the amount of profit you receive when you sell a capital asset or is realized when a capital asset is exchanged at a price higher than its basis (basis is equals to capital asset’s purchase price, plus commissions and the cost of improvements less depreciation). Capital assets include property such as stocks, bonds, mutual fund shares and real estate.

Capital gains can be of two form- Long-term gains and short-term gains.

  • Long-term gains come from the sale of property held more than one year and are taxed at lower rate of either 0%, 15%, or 20% for 2020.
  • Short-term gains come from the sale of property owned one year or less and are taxed as ordinary incomes at your maximum tax rate, as high as 37% in 2020.
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