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What are adverse affects of soil degradation

What are adverse affects of soil degradation

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
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What are adverse affects of soil degradation
### Soil Degradation Types and Mitigation Measures #### Overview Soil degradation can be categorized into three main types: physical, chemical, and biological. This section focuses on understanding physical degradation of soil, specifically soil erosion, soil compaction, soil crusting, and water logging. To address these aspects, the following table is provided. The table categorizes common soil degradation problems, their causes, adverse effects, and corresponding control measures. #### Physical Degradation of Soil Table | **Problem** | **Causes** | **Adverse Effects** | **Control Measures** | |----------------------|------------|---------------------|----------------------| | **Soil Erosion** | a) | a) | a) | | | b) | b) | b) | | | c) | (3) | c) | | **Soil Compaction** | a) | a) | a) | | | b) | (1) | b) | | | (2) | | | | **Soil Crusting** | a) | a) | a) | | | (1) | (1) | | | **Water Logging** | a) | a) | a) | | | (2) | (2) | b) | | | (3) | | c) | | | d) | | | (4) | #### Detailed Explanation 1. **Soil Erosion**: - **Causes**: Multiple factors contribute to soil erosion including wind, water, and human activities. - **Adverse Effects**: Loss of topsoil reduces fertility and can lead to decreased agricultural productivity. - **Control Measures**: Implementing terracing, windbreaks, and vegetation cover can help prevent erosion. 2. **Soil Compaction**: - **Causes**: Heavy machinery, livestock, and pedestrian traffic often cause soil compaction. - **Adverse Effects**: Compacted soil hinders root growth and water infiltration. - **Control Measures**: Avoiding overuse of heavy equipment and practicing crop rotation can mitigate compaction. 3. **Soil Crusting**: - **Causes
Transcribed Image Text:### Soil Degradation Types and Mitigation Measures #### Overview Soil degradation can be categorized into three main types: physical, chemical, and biological. This section focuses on understanding physical degradation of soil, specifically soil erosion, soil compaction, soil crusting, and water logging. To address these aspects, the following table is provided. The table categorizes common soil degradation problems, their causes, adverse effects, and corresponding control measures. #### Physical Degradation of Soil Table | **Problem** | **Causes** | **Adverse Effects** | **Control Measures** | |----------------------|------------|---------------------|----------------------| | **Soil Erosion** | a) | a) | a) | | | b) | b) | b) | | | c) | (3) | c) | | **Soil Compaction** | a) | a) | a) | | | b) | (1) | b) | | | (2) | | | | **Soil Crusting** | a) | a) | a) | | | (1) | (1) | | | **Water Logging** | a) | a) | a) | | | (2) | (2) | b) | | | (3) | | c) | | | d) | | | (4) | #### Detailed Explanation 1. **Soil Erosion**: - **Causes**: Multiple factors contribute to soil erosion including wind, water, and human activities. - **Adverse Effects**: Loss of topsoil reduces fertility and can lead to decreased agricultural productivity. - **Control Measures**: Implementing terracing, windbreaks, and vegetation cover can help prevent erosion. 2. **Soil Compaction**: - **Causes**: Heavy machinery, livestock, and pedestrian traffic often cause soil compaction. - **Adverse Effects**: Compacted soil hinders root growth and water infiltration. - **Control Measures**: Avoiding overuse of heavy equipment and practicing crop rotation can mitigate compaction. 3. **Soil Crusting**: - **Causes
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