We say that genes that are close together on the same chromosome are linked. What does that mean? Imag- ine that in a diploid nucleus, one chromosome has the allele R and right next to it on the same chromosome is the allele T for a different gene. Are these linked? Imag- ine that r is right next to t on the homologous chro- mosome. If this cell never undergoes meiosis, does this matter at all? If it does undergo meiosis, what are the two genotypes that the gametes are most likely to have? Look at Figure 16-17 for help if you need it. S S S or y Gametes Gametes (A) F, gametes 4 sY 4 sy V4 SY 4 Sy SSYY SsYy SSYY SSYY 4 SY 46 46 V46 46 SSyy SsYy Ssyy SSYY V4 Sy 46 16 16 46 SSYY ssYy Ss YY SsYy V4 SY 46 46 46 46 Ss Yy Ssyy ssYy ssyy VA sy 46 46 (B) FIGURE 16-17 (A) During anaphase I, chromosomes move independently of each other, so one pole receives S and the other receives s; likewise, one gets Y and the other y. But in about half the cells, both S and Y move to the same spindle pole by chance, whereas in other dividing cells, one spindle pole receives S and y, again by chance. (B) A Punnett square for a dihybrid cross is set up just like one for a monohybrid cross; establish the types and relative abundance of gametes, and then fill in the squares. The table looks a little formidable, but it really consists of two 3:1 ratios intermingled. F, gametes
We say that genes that are close together on the same chromosome are linked. What does that mean? Imag- ine that in a diploid nucleus, one chromosome has the allele R and right next to it on the same chromosome is the allele T for a different gene. Are these linked? Imag- ine that r is right next to t on the homologous chro- mosome. If this cell never undergoes meiosis, does this matter at all? If it does undergo meiosis, what are the two genotypes that the gametes are most likely to have? Look at Figure 16-17 for help if you need it. S S S or y Gametes Gametes (A) F, gametes 4 sY 4 sy V4 SY 4 Sy SSYY SsYy SSYY SSYY 4 SY 46 46 V46 46 SSyy SsYy Ssyy SSYY V4 Sy 46 16 16 46 SSYY ssYy Ss YY SsYy V4 SY 46 46 46 46 Ss Yy Ssyy ssYy ssyy VA sy 46 46 (B) FIGURE 16-17 (A) During anaphase I, chromosomes move independently of each other, so one pole receives S and the other receives s; likewise, one gets Y and the other y. But in about half the cells, both S and Y move to the same spindle pole by chance, whereas in other dividing cells, one spindle pole receives S and y, again by chance. (B) A Punnett square for a dihybrid cross is set up just like one for a monohybrid cross; establish the types and relative abundance of gametes, and then fill in the squares. The table looks a little formidable, but it really consists of two 3:1 ratios intermingled. F, gametes
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Michael Cummings
Chapter6: Cytogenetics: Karyotypes And Chromosome Aberrations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 3QP: A colleague e-mails you saying that she has identified an interesting chromosome variation at 21q13....
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In Question 23, if one chromosome has R and T and the homologous chromosome also has R and T, does linkage matter? What is the single type of genotype that this plant can produce in its gametes?
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Genetics is the study of genes, their interactions, and the effect of environment on genes. Broadly it studies heredity and evolution at a genetic level. It is a very vast field that gives information on how traits are passed on from parent to offspring.
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