We require a mix with a mean 28-day compressive strength of 26.5 MPa) the size of the member and the spacing of the reinforcement require a slump of 50 mm and a e maximum size of aggregate of 20 mm. Portland cement type I is used with specific gravity of 3.15, dry-rodded unit weight of coarse aggregate 1700 kg/m³ and bulk specific gravity (SSD) of 2.55. The fineness modulus of fine aggregate is 2.8 and bulk specific gravity (SSD) of 2.5. No air entrainment is required. Neglect water absorption and moisture content of both aggregates. The aggregates conform to the ASTM C33-84 requirements for grading. Estimate the quantity of (cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water) for 1m³ concrete.

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.