We choose 2 balls at random from an urn containing 8 white, 4 black and 2 orange. Suppose we receive $2 for each black ball drawn and we lose $1 for each white ball drawn. Let the variable X be “net gains”. Find the probability distribution of X.

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)
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Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis
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We choose 2 balls at random from an urn containing 8
white, 4 black and 2 orange. Suppose we receive $2
for each black ball drawn and we lose $1 for each
white ball drawn. Let the variable X be “net gains”. Find the
probability distribution of X.

Expert Solution
Step 1: Determine the given variable

Given:

  • Total balls = 8 white + 4 black + 2 orange = 14 balls.
  • Gains for black ball = $2.
  • Loss for white ball = $1.

Let's enumerate all possible outcomes when drawing 2 balls:

  1. 2 white balls: Loss $2. (Net gain X = -$2)
  2. 1 white ball and 1 black ball: Gain $2 and loss $1. (Net gain X = $1)
  3. 2 black balls: Gain $4. (Net gain X = $4)
  4. 1 white ball and 1 orange ball: Loss $1. (Net gain X = -$1)
  5. 1 black ball and 1 orange ball: Gain $2. (Net gain X = $2)
  6. 2 orange balls: No gain or loss. (Net gain X = $0)



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