We all recognize the difference between naughty and nice, right? What about children less than a year old - do they recognize the difference and show a preference for nice over naughty? In a study reported in the November 2007 issue of Nature, researchers investigated whether infants take into account an individual’s actions towards others in evaluating that individual as appealing or aversive, perhaps laying the foundation for social interaction (Hamlin, Wynn, and Bloom, 2007). In one component of the study, infants were shown a “climber” character (a piece of wood with “google” eyes glued onto it) that could not make it up a hill in two tries. Then they were alternately shown two scenarios for the climber’s next try, one where the climber was pushed to the top of the hill by another character (“helper”) and one where the climber was pushed back down the hill by another character (“hinderer”). The infant was alternately shown these two scenarios several times. Then the child was presented with both pieces of wood (the helper and the hinderer) and asked to pick one to play with. (You can see the videos: https://campuspress.yale.edu/infantlab/media/) Let the random variable X represent the number of 16 infants who choose the helper toy. a) If the infants really had no preference between the toys and so were just choosing a toy at random, what probability distribution would X have? Identify its name and also its parameter values. b) The researchers found that 14 of the 16 infants chose the helper over the hinderer. Using your answer to part a), determine the probability that 14 or more of the 16 infants would have chosen the helper toy, assuming that they were just choosing a toy at random. c) Is this probability small enough to cast strong doubt on the “no preference” assumption, which would then suggest that infants really do show a preference for the helper toy? Explain.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
icon
Related questions
Question

3] We all recognize the difference between naughty and nice, right? What about children less than a year old - do they recognize the difference and show a preference for nice over naughty? In a study reported in the November 2007 issue of Nature, researchers investigated whether infants take into account an individual’s actions towards others in evaluating that individual as appealing or aversive, perhaps laying the foundation for social interaction (Hamlin, Wynn, and Bloom, 2007). In one component of the study, infants were shown a “climber” character (a piece of wood with “google” eyes glued onto it) that could not make it up a hill in two tries. Then they were alternately shown two scenarios for the climber’s next try, one where the climber was pushed to the top of the hill by another character (“helper”) and one where the climber was pushed back down the hill by another character (“hinderer”). The infant was alternately shown these two scenarios several times. Then the child was presented with both pieces of wood (the helper and the hinderer) and asked to pick one to play with. (You can see the videos: https://campuspress.yale.edu/infantlab/media/) Let the random variable X represent the number of 16 infants who choose the helper toy.

a) If the infants really had no preference between the toys and so were just choosing a toy at random, what probability distribution would X have? Identify its name and also its parameter values.

b) The researchers found that 14 of the 16 infants chose the helper over the hinderer. Using your answer to part a), determine the probability that 14 or more of the 16 infants would have chosen the helper toy, assuming that they were just choosing a toy at random.

c) Is this probability small enough to cast strong doubt on the “no preference” assumption, which would then suggest that infants really do show a preference for the helper toy? Explain.

Expert Solution
trending now

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

steps

Step by step

Solved in 4 steps

Blurred answer
Similar questions
Recommended textbooks for you
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:
9781119256830
Author:
Amos Gilat
Publisher:
John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th…
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th…
Statistics
ISBN:
9781305251809
Author:
Jay L. Devore
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C…
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C…
Statistics
ISBN:
9781305504912
Author:
Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E…
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E…
Statistics
ISBN:
9780134683416
Author:
Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:
PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:
9781319042578
Author:
David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:
W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:
9781319013387
Author:
David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:
W. H. Freeman