Water Table 10 Cracked Tunnel Lining S. 4. +2 Impermeable Boundary A flow net is shown for a concrete tunnel installed in the ground which is badly cracked. This cracking is letting water flow freely through the tunnel. As a result, the tunnel is full of water to the very top. (Hint: the total head at the top of the tunnel is 6m). What is the pressure head at point E? 10.0 m 8.0 m x 6.0 m Elevation ( DI

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A: In situ void ratio of top soil (et) = 0.47 Void ratio of borrow soil (eb) = 0.71

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.