Water is flowing over a flat rectangular plate with a velocity of 5m/s. The distance from the leading edge of the plate at which the flow will become turbulent (approximately) is. (Take v = 1.12x10-6 m²/s for water)

6 Consider a fully developed laminar flow of a fluid through 8027 m long and 4 cm diameter horizontal and circular pipe. The dynamic density and the viscosity of the fluid are 1252 kg/m³ and 0.3073 kg/(m.s). The velocity profile at a cross-section is given by: u(r)= 6[1 − ( 7 )²] - m/s Where r is the axial distance from the centre and R is the radius of the pipe. Determine the following: (i) (ii) the maximum velocity at a cross-section of the pipe, Umax the average velocity at a cross-section of the pipe, Vave the volume flow rate, Q (iv) Reynolds number, Re (v) friction factor, f (vi) head loss, hi (vii) pressure loss, AP (viii) pumping power required, (ix) for the same pumping power, the percentage decrease of the flow rate if the pipe is inclined 10° upward (assume the head loss, hò, calculated in part (vi) does not change) Useful formulae: 64 f Re h₂ = f ( =) ( 2² ) 2g =

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Q4: A tank of water empties by gravity through a horizontal pipe into another tank in figure (1) .There is a sudden enlargement in the pipe as shown.At a certain time the difference in levels is 3m.Each pipe is 5m long and has a friction coefficient Cf-0.007 The inlet loss constant is K=0.5 and bore diameter in point A 20mm ,and bore diameter in point B 60mm.Calculate this point. the volume flow rate at Calculate the volume flow rate at this point. (1) 20 mm bore diameter 3 m 60 mm bore diameter (2)