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Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Exercise: Synthesis Design from Propane** **Instruction:** Please design a synthesis to make the following compound from propane. **Graph Explanation:** The image displays an infrared (IR) spectrum graph. This type of graph is used to identify functional groups in a molecule based on the absorption of IR radiation at specific wavelengths. - **X-Axis (Wavenumber, cm⁻¹):** The wavenumber range spans from 4000 cm⁻¹ to 400 cm⁻¹. Key regions of interest typically include: - 4000-3200 cm⁻¹: N-H, O-H, and C-H stretches - 3200-2500 cm⁻¹: C-H stretches (alkynes, aromatics) - 1800-1500 cm⁻¹: C=O (carbonyl) stretches - 1600-1400 cm⁻¹: C=C stretches (alkenes, aromatics) - 1500-400 cm⁻¹: Fingerprint region - **Y-Axis (Transmittance, %):** Percentage transmittance, where 100% indicates no absorption and lower values indicate stronger absorption. **Notable Absorptions:** 1. **Around 3500 cm⁻¹:** Typical for O-H or N-H bonds, suggesting potential alcohol or amine groups. 2. **Around 3000 cm⁻¹:** Indicates C-H stretching, likely from alkanes. 3. **Around 1700 cm⁻¹:** A strong peak possibly indicative of C=O stretches typical of ketones, aldehydes, or acids. 4. **Below 1500 cm⁻¹:** Complex pattern known as the fingerprint region, unique to each molecule. **Conclusion:** Analyze the spectrum to determine the functional groups present and propose a synthetic pathway from propane to the target compound using appropriate functional group transformations and reagents.
Transcribed Image Text:**Exercise: Synthesis Design from Propane** **Instruction:** Please design a synthesis to make the following compound from propane. **Graph Explanation:** The image displays an infrared (IR) spectrum graph. This type of graph is used to identify functional groups in a molecule based on the absorption of IR radiation at specific wavelengths. - **X-Axis (Wavenumber, cm⁻¹):** The wavenumber range spans from 4000 cm⁻¹ to 400 cm⁻¹. Key regions of interest typically include: - 4000-3200 cm⁻¹: N-H, O-H, and C-H stretches - 3200-2500 cm⁻¹: C-H stretches (alkynes, aromatics) - 1800-1500 cm⁻¹: C=O (carbonyl) stretches - 1600-1400 cm⁻¹: C=C stretches (alkenes, aromatics) - 1500-400 cm⁻¹: Fingerprint region - **Y-Axis (Transmittance, %):** Percentage transmittance, where 100% indicates no absorption and lower values indicate stronger absorption. **Notable Absorptions:** 1. **Around 3500 cm⁻¹:** Typical for O-H or N-H bonds, suggesting potential alcohol or amine groups. 2. **Around 3000 cm⁻¹:** Indicates C-H stretching, likely from alkanes. 3. **Around 1700 cm⁻¹:** A strong peak possibly indicative of C=O stretches typical of ketones, aldehydes, or acids. 4. **Below 1500 cm⁻¹:** Complex pattern known as the fingerprint region, unique to each molecule. **Conclusion:** Analyze the spectrum to determine the functional groups present and propose a synthetic pathway from propane to the target compound using appropriate functional group transformations and reagents.
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