Answered: Vicuña are ungulate herbivores related…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Vicuña are ungulate herbivores related to llamas that occupy high mountain grasslands in the Andes. They are valued for their wool. Overhunting led to global population declines from millions in the 1500s to thousands in the mid 1900s.
Lauca National Park was established in Chile in 1970 and banned hunting of vicuña. Researchers used census data (solid circles) to fit the population dynamics, and evaluated two models: one in which the carrying capacity was fixed over time (“Logistic Constant K”, dashed line), and one in which the carrying capacity could vary over time (“Logistic Variable K”, solid line).

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What type of factor is rainfall in regulating vicuña population growth?

A. Density-independent; Bottom-up

B. Density-independent; Top-down

C. Density-dependent; Bottom-up

D. Density-dependent; Top-down

Number
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
1975
Pandanga
1980
1985
1990
Year
Total vicuñas (census data)
Logistic Constant-K
Logistic Variable-K
1995
2000
2005

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