Vhat other indicator or indicators would you want to use to determine the pH of the solution more precisely? Strong Acids and Bases (Section 16.5) 16.41 Is each of the following statements true or false? (a) All strong acids contain one or more H atoms. (b) A strong acid is a strong electrolyte. (c) A 1.0-M solution of a strong acid will have pH = 1.0. 16.42 Determine whether each of the following is true or false: (a) All strong bases are salts of the hydroxide ion. (b) The addition of a strong base to water produces a solution of pH > 7.0. (c) Because Mg(OH), is not very soluble, it can- not be a strong base. 16.43 Calculate the pH of each of the following strong acid solu- tions: (a) 8.5 × 10-³M HBr, (b) 1.52 g of HNO3 in 575 mL of solution, (c) 5.00 mL of 0.250 M HCIO4 diluted to 50.0 mL, (d) a solution formed by mixing 10.0 mL of 0.100 M HBr with 20.0 mL of 0.200 M HCl. 16.44 Calculate the pH of each of the following strong acid solu- tions: (a) 0.0167 M HNO3, (b) 0.225 g of HCIO3 in 2.00 L of solution, (c) 15.00 mL of 1.00 M HCl diluted to 0.500 L, (d) a mixture formed by adding 50.0 mL of 0.020 M HCl to 125 mL of 0.010 M HI. 16.45 Calculate [OH ] and pH for (a) 1.5 × 10 ³M Sr(OH)2, (b) 2.250 g of LIOH in 250.0 mL of solution, (c) 1.00 mL of 0.175 M NaOH diluted to 2.00 L, (d) a solution formed by adding 5.00 mL of 0.105 M KOH to 15.0 mL of 9.5 x 10-2 M Ca(OH)2. 16.46 Calculate [OH ] and pH for each of the following strong base solutions: (a) 0.182 M KOH, (b) 3.165 g of KOH in 500.0 mL of solution, (c) 10.0 mL of 0.0105 M Ca(OH)2 diluted to 500.0 mL, (d) a solution formed by mixing 20.0 mL of 0.015 М Ba(ОН)2 M Ba(OH), with 40.0 mL of 8.2 × 10-3 M NaOH. 16.47 Calculate the concentration of an aqueous solution of NaOH that has a pH of 11.50. solution of
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
16.44 (b)
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