uth waters. This is actually not water but fluid secreted from

In the lungs, the main factor in boosting the tendency of hemoglobin to bind with and hold oxygen is ___. a. temperature c. acidity (pH) b. the amount of O2 relative to the amount of CO2 in plasma c. acidity(pH) d. all are equally important

Water concentration in the body is critical for proper functioning. A persons body retains very tight control on water levels without conscious control by the person. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/H2Ocon) to learn more about water concentration in the body. Which organ has primary control over the amount of water in the body?

Regarding fluid intake in school-age children, which of the following statements is most correct? a. Soft drinks are good choices for hydration during exercise because the high carbohydrate content provides quick energy. b. Childrens caffeine consumption decreases as they get older. c. Diluted fruit juice is a good choice for hydration during exercise, as children are more likely to drink it than water. d. Adults who are supervising children during exercise can rely on the children to let them know when they are thirsty.

Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels Cholesterol that is made by the liver or that enters the body from food does not dissolve in blood, so it is carried through the bloodstream by lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carries cholesterol to body tissues such as artery walls, where it can form deposits associated with cardiovascular disease. Thus, LDL is often called bad cholesterol. Highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) carries cholesterol away from tissues to the liver for disposal, so HDL is often called good cholesterol. In 1990, Ronald Mensink and Martijn Katan published a study that tested the effects of different dietary fats on blood lipoprotein levels. Their results are shown in Figure 2.23. In which group was the level of LDL (bad cholesterol) highest?

Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels Cholesterol that is made by the liver or that enters the body from food does not dissolve in blood, so it is carried through the bloodstream by lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carries cholesterol to body tissues such as artery walls, where it can form deposits associated with cardiovascular disease. Thus, LDL is often called bad cholesterol. Highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) carries cholesterol away from tissues to the liver for disposal, so HDL is often called good cholesterol. In 1990, Ronald Mensink and Martijn Katan published a study that tested the effects of different dietary fats on blood lipoprotein levels. Their results are shown in Figure 2.23. Figure 2.23 Effect of diet on lipoprotein levels. Researchers placed 59 men and women on a diet in which 10 percent of their daily energy intake consisted of cis fatty acids, trans fatty acids, or saturated fats. Blood LDL and HDL levels were measured after three weeks on the diet; averaged results are shown in mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter of blood). All subjects were tested on each of the diets. The ratio of LDL to HDL is also shown. Source, Mensink RP, Katan MB, Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects. NEJM 323(7):43945. An elevated risk of heart disease has been correlated with increasing LDL-to-HDL ratios. Rank the three diets according to their predicted effect on cardiovascular health.

Figure 34.11 Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false? Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach. Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine. In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies fats. The stomach is separated from the small intestine by the pylloric sphincter.

Excess carbohydrates and proteins are stored as _____. a. amino acids b. starches c. fats d. monosaccharides

Ions or molecules tend to diffuse from a region where they are _______ (more/less) concentrated to another where they are _______ (more/less) concentrated.

Bile has a role in _________ digestion and absorption. a. carbohydrate c. protein b. fat d. amino acid