Using the provided figure, describe the importance of the two phytochrome systems in controlling de-etiolation and green stem elongation under full sun and shade.  Include the key mechanisms and temporal changes in control of this process.

Q: Explain when in nature seedlings are exposed to dark environments and then light environments and…

A: Evolution is any alteration in the "heritable characteristics" of the population. These…

Q: Describe in detail each step in a  general plant signal transduction pathway.

A: A series of chemical reactions in a cell that happen when a molecule binds to a receptor on the cell…

Q: What is the gravity receptor involved in gravitropism?

A: We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new question…

Q: Discuss the factors responsible for ascent of xylem sap in plants.

A: The ascent of water in the xylem is caused by the transpirational pull of the atmosphere. It is…

Q: Describe how phytochrome allows a lowering plant to detect the photoperiod.

A: Phytochromes are defined as a class or group of photoreceptors present in plants, bacteria, and…

Q: In shoot apical meristems, the peripheral zone (PZ) genetic program maintains indeterminacy and…

A: Hi! Since you have posted more than one question, we will be answering the first part of it for you.…

Q: Please describe the peripheral zone (PZ) genetic program maintains indeterminacy and allows the…

A: As per the honor code, we answer only one question at a time. Therefore, we are answering the first…

Q: 40x (I.s.) Make a sketch of the 40x stem longitudinal section and upload it here with the following…

A: A plant has three major parts/organs. These are a stem, leaves, and roots. Other parts are fruits,…

Q: Grass plants elevate their leaves to compete for light without exposing their shoot apical meristems…

A: 1. growing their leaves from persistent Meristematic zones at the leaf base.

Q: Give an example of an environmental condition where stomates are unable to maintain cooling of the…

A: Stomata are small pores found on the leaves and stems of plants that are responsible for gas…

Q: Describe two events or factors that can trigger leaf senescence.  In what ways is leaf senescence a…

A: The two events or factors which can trigger leaf senescence are:- [1] Age-dependent factor :- The…

Q: Describe and discuss the concepts of plant growth, development, reproduction, and the basic…

A: A scientific explanation on plant growth, development and reproduction is that plants grow larger…

Q: Mark all on the following list that must occur for auxin to promote gene expression. ARF proteins…

A: These are the questions related to plant physiology and their biochemical reactions which causes…

Q: How is the transport ofsubstances done across thebryophyte tissues? How is thisfeature related to…

A: Bryophytes consist of three non-vascular land plants that are mosses, hornworts, and liverworts.…

Q: Discuss the effect of light and water to the leaf epinasty of monggo (Vigna radiata) seed during and…

A: The plant body is complex, made up of several systems. Each system in the body has a distinct…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.