Using the concept of sun angles, how does day length change throughout the year and why do polar areas sometimes have 24 hours of light or darkness?

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
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Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
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Using the concept of sun angles, how does day length change throughout the year and why do polar areas sometimes have 24 hours of light or darkness?

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The solar system is the gravitationally bound system around the sun. Earth is the third planet in the solar system. The earth rotates on its own axis in 24 hrs. This causes the day and night change on earth. And it makes a complete revolution around the sun in almost 365 days. 

The Sun angle is the angle at which the solar radiation hits the earth's surface. It varies depending on the latitude and longitude of the location on earth.
 

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