Using electrons and/or lone pairs in the following conjugated system, create a resonance form by moving electrons as far as possible. Modify the structure to show the resonance structure resulting from the movement of electrons. Be sure to include all lone pairs of electrons and charges. + + 0: ☑ ☐ :

Write Lewis structures for these ions. Show all valence electrons and all formal charges. (a) Amide ion, NH2 (b) Bicarbonate ion, HCO3 (c) Carbonate ion, CO32 (d) Nitrate ion, NO3 (e) Formate ion, HCOO (f) Acetate ion, CH3COO

Formamide, HC(O)NH2, is prepared at high pressures from carbon monoxide and ammonia, and serves as an industrial solvent (the parentheses around the O indicate that it is bonded only to the carbon atom and that the carbon atom is also bonded to the H and the N atoms). Two resonance forms (one with formal charges) can be written for formamide. Write both resonance structures, and predict the bond angles about the carbon and nitrogen atoms for each resonance form. Are they the same? Describe how the experimental determination of the HNH bond angle could be used to indicate which resonance form is more important.

да Using a electrons and/or lone pairs in the following conjugated system, create a resonance form by moving electrons as far as possible. Modify the structure to show the resonance structure resulting from the movement of electrons. Be sure to include all lone pairs of electrons and charges. 2 Π x G さ C