Using a proof by contraposition prove that for any integer n, if n² is even then n is even.
Using a proof by contraposition prove that for any integer n, if n² is even then n is even.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
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![**Title: Proof by Contraposition**
**Text:**
Using a proof by contraposition, prove that for any integer \( n \), if \( n^2 \) is even then \( n \) is even.
**Explanation:**
To prove this statement by contraposition, we need to show that the contrapositive is true. The original statement is: "If \( n^2 \) is even, then \( n \) is even." The contrapositive of this statement is: "If \( n \) is odd, then \( n^2 \) is odd."
1. Assume \( n \) is odd. This means \( n = 2k + 1 \) for some integer \( k \), where \( 2k + 1 \) is the standard form of an odd number.
2. Calculate \( n^2 \):
\[
n^2 = (2k + 1)^2 = 4k^2 + 4k + 1 = 2(2k^2 + 2k) + 1
\]
3. Since \( n^2 = 2(2k^2 + 2k) + 1 \), it is of the form \( 2m + 1 \) for some integer \( m \), which is the standard form of an odd number.
4. Therefore, if \( n \) is odd, then \( n^2 \) is odd.
Since the contrapositive is proven to be true, the original statement is also true by contraposition.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fffc06da2-7bd8-42a3-b8a1-3f8b831a8034%2F81d923e6-e6d5-4cee-8d06-7a24925edb09%2F0d0a72.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Proof by Contraposition**
**Text:**
Using a proof by contraposition, prove that for any integer \( n \), if \( n^2 \) is even then \( n \) is even.
**Explanation:**
To prove this statement by contraposition, we need to show that the contrapositive is true. The original statement is: "If \( n^2 \) is even, then \( n \) is even." The contrapositive of this statement is: "If \( n \) is odd, then \( n^2 \) is odd."
1. Assume \( n \) is odd. This means \( n = 2k + 1 \) for some integer \( k \), where \( 2k + 1 \) is the standard form of an odd number.
2. Calculate \( n^2 \):
\[
n^2 = (2k + 1)^2 = 4k^2 + 4k + 1 = 2(2k^2 + 2k) + 1
\]
3. Since \( n^2 = 2(2k^2 + 2k) + 1 \), it is of the form \( 2m + 1 \) for some integer \( m \), which is the standard form of an odd number.
4. Therefore, if \( n \) is odd, then \( n^2 \) is odd.
Since the contrapositive is proven to be true, the original statement is also true by contraposition.
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