Using a mix design procedure, mix proportions for the desired grade of concrete have been obtained as 1:2:3.6 (by mass) with water-cement ratio of 0.5 and air content of 5%. Calculate the weights of individual ingredients required to make 0.25 m of concrete. The specific gravity of cement, sand and aggregate are 3.15, 2.65 and 2.7 respectively.

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.