uses the following schedule to determine the number of counters in operation, depending on the number of customers in line: Number of customers in store Number of counters in operation 1 to 3 1 4 to 6 2 More than 6 3 Customers arrive in the counters area according to a Poisson distribution with a mean rate of 10 customers per hour. The average checkout time per customer is exponential with mean 12 minutes. i. Determine the steady state probability Pn of n customers in the checked out area. The Probability that an arriving customer will not wait. ii. ii. The Probability that all three counters will be in use.
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Subject: Operations research
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- During nearly four decades of business operations, Memphis-based FedEx has earned a reputation for reliable, on-time delivery of packages to homes and offices around the country. Founder Fred Smith originally focused on overnight deliveries, choosing Memphis as the company’s headquarters because the airport rarely closes due to bad weather. With FedEx’s planes departing and arriving on schedule nearly all the time, its express shipments usually remained on schedule, then and now. To reassure customers that delivery will take place when and where promised, the firm offers a money-back guarantee on time-sensitive express shipments, among other services. FedEx has steadily expanded its portfolio of services since the 1970s. Its original overnight express delivery is currently available to U.S. customers in various forms, including “first-overnight” delivery, next-morning delivery, next-afternoon delivery, and budget-pleasing two- or three-day delivery. The company’s services also include cost-effective ground delivery for parcels and extra-speedy same-day delivery for urgent deliveries within 1,800 cities. Over the years, FedEx has widened its delivery network to more than 220 countries. It has purchased more cargo jets and acquired specialized shipping firms, including Tiger International, Roberts Express, RPS, and TNT Express, to support global growth. For international business customers needing products, parts, or raw materials shipped across countries or continents, the company now offers time-saving services such as commercial freight forwarding and cross-border logistical support. To add the convenience of local drop-off and pickup points for U.S. consumers and small businesses, FedEx acquired the Kinko’s office services company in 2004 and later rebranded it as FedEx Office. This acquisition also added printing and copying to the menu of services offered. Then the company arranged for large U.S. retailers such as Walgreens, Albertsons, Kroger, and Safeway to accept packages for shipment and receive package delivery for customer pickup in thousands of store locations. This means people who want to send a package can head to a nearby retailer and ship where they shop, rather than making a separate trip to the FedEx location. It’s also a safe alternative for packages to be picked up by people who don’t want FedEx shipments left by the front door. Another service FedEx offers to small and mid-sized businesses, including retailers, is FedEx Fulfillment. The purpose is to expedite order fulfillment by having each business store its products in a FedEx warehouse. Then, when the business’s customers place orders, FedEx puts the products into boxes bearing the business’s own logo and ships directly to those customers. The business doesn’t need a separate warehouse or staff for fulfillment, and packages are on their way to customers more quickly because the products were in FedEx’s warehouse, ready to be packed and shipped. This service puts FedEx into direct competition with Amazon.com, which offers a similar service to merchants that sell through the online Amazon Marketplace. But it also gives businesses that don’t sell via Amazon a fast and professional fulfillment alternative. FedEx is careful to let customers know, through media and social-media announcements, when it anticipates that extreme weather or other conditions will cause delays or force it to halt pickups and deliveries. For the duration of Hurricane Irma, for example, FedEx said it would suspend deliveries in Florida. Some Florida customers who had ordered generators to be delivered via FedEx were unhappy, because they worried about being without power during and after the storm. But one FedEx employee loaded several generator orders into his car and took them to customers himself. When a customer posted a grateful compliment to FedEx on Facebook, the message generated thousands of likes, shares, and positive comments. The company also received positive comments for its donations of cash and transportation services to areas devastated by Hurricanes Irma, Harvey, and Maria. According to the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), FedEx often tops the list of U.S. shipping companies as ranked by customers surveyed. Every day, the company delivers 13 million packages—and during the busy year-end holiday season, it delivers many more. By meeting customers’ expectations for on-time deliveries, FedEx has increased annual revenues beyond $60 billion and positioned itself for continued growth in the future. How does FedEx’s money-back guarantee address customers’ concerns about heterogeneity?11 The director of an emergency room, Simran Kaur, hasobserved that patient traffic at the emergency roomfollows a seasonal pattern, with higher patient trafficon weekends that on weekdays. She has gathered thefollowing data on daily patient admissions during the past4 weeks.Day Week 1 2 3 4Monday 110 105 109 112Tuesday 95 100 92 88Wednesday 89 85 80 84Thursday 93 96 78…Refer to the following information and output. Number of Servers Arrival Rate Service Rate P(0), probability that there are no customers in the system Lq, average length of the queue W, average time in the system L, average number of customers in the system Wq, average time in the queue Utilization factor of the system What is the average number of customers in the queue? O 2.33 O .23 O .70 O 1.63 1.0 7.00 10.00 30% 1.63 0.33 2.33 0.23 70%
- The Seaboard Shipping Company has a warehouse terminal in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The capacity of each termi-nal dock is three trucks. As trucks enter the terminal, the dri-vers receive numbers, and when one of the three dock spaces becomes available, the truck with the lowest number entersthe vacant dock. Truck arrivals are Poisson distributed, and the unloading and loading times (service times) are expo-nentially distributed. The average arrival rate at the terminal is five trucks per hour, and the average service rate per dockis two trucks per hour (30 minutes per truck).a. Compute L, Lq, W, and Wq. b. The management of the shipping company is consider-ing adding extra employees and equipment to improve the average service time per terminal dock to 25 min-utes per truck. It would cost the company $18,000 per year to achieve this improved service. Managementestimates that it will increase its profit by $750 per yearfor each minute it is able to reduce a truck’s waitingtime.…The arrival rate of patients at a hospital counter follows Poisson distribution with a mean of 25 per hour. The service rate of the treatment to patients also follows Poisson distribution with a mean of 45 per hour. What is the probability of having 0 patients in the system (P 0 )? What is the probability of having 10 patients in the system (P 10 )? What is the probability of having 15 patients in the system (P 15 )? Find Ls, Lq, Ws and WqA study-aid desk staffed by a graduate student has been established to answer students’questions and help in working problems in your OSCM course. The desk is staffed eighthours per day. The dean wants to know how the facility is working. Statistics show thatstudents arrive at a rate of four per hour and the distribution is approximately Poisson.Assistance time averages 10 minutes, distributed exponentially. Assume population andline length can be ini nite and queue discipline is FCFS.Before a test, the arrival of students increases to six per hour on the average. What willthe new average line length be?
- Peter's International Barbershop is a popular haircutting and styling saloon near the campus of the Brooklyn College. One barber is available to work full time and spend an average of 3 minutes on each customer. Customers arrive all day long at an average rate of 2 customers every 10 minutes. Arrivals tend to follow the Poisson distribution, and service times are exponentially distributed. Explain your results. What is the probability that the shop is empty? What is the average number of customers in the barbershop? What is the average time spent in the shop? What percentage of time the barber is busy? What is the average number of customers waiting to be served? What is the probability that there will be more than two customers in the shop?The Seaboard Shipping Company has a warehouse terminalin Spartanburg, South Carolina. The capacity of each terminal dock is three trucks. As trucks enter the terminal, the drivers receive numbers, and when one of the three dock spacesbecomes available, the truck with the lowest number entersthe vacant dock. Truck arrivals are Poisson distributed, andthe unloading and loading times (service times) are exponentially distributed. The average arrival rate at the terminalis five trucks per hour, and the average service rate per dockis two trucks per hour (30 minutes per truck).a. Compute L, Lq, W, and Wq.b. The management of the shipping company is considering adding extra employees and equipment to improvethe average service time per terminal dock to 25 minutes per truck. It would cost the company $18,000 peryear to achieve this improved service. Managementestimates that it will increase its profit by $750 per yearfor each minute it is able to reduce a truck’s waitingtime. Determine…Customers arrive at a bank counter at an average rate of 3customers per hour.a) Suggest a suitable distribution to model the number ofcustomers arriving at the counter, X, per minute.b) State clearly any assumptions you have made by suggestingthis model.c) Using your model,I. Find the probability that no customer arrive in a givenminute.II. Find the probability that at most 4 customers arrive in agiven minute.III. In any given 4 minutes period, find ? such that?(? > ?) = 0.0487.IV. Check the answer of part I and part ii using RStudio.
- Netflix is a DVD movie rental company. They stock 50 DVDs of a recent blockbuster movie available for rental. Their rental fee is $4 per DVD per day. The inter-arrival time between rental requests for this movie is 2.5 hours, on average, with a standard deviation of 2.5 hours. Demand is steady throughout a 24-hour day (there is no evidence of other arrival patterns). Assume that if all copies of the DVD are rented, then customers are willing to wait for the next one to become available. Also, assume shipping is instantaneous (the shipping time is zero days). A DVD is rented, on average, for 5 days with a standard deviation of 3 days. What is the average number of unrented DVDs in Netflix’s warehouse? Hint: consider the average utilization.A study-aid desk staffed by a graduate student has been established to answer students' questions and help in working problems in your OSCM course. The desk is staffed eight hours per day. The dean wants to know how the facility is working. Statistics show that students arrive at a rate of four per hour and the distribution is approximately Poisson. Assistance time averages 10 minutes, distributed exponentially. Assume population and line length can be infinite and queue discipline is FCFS.a. Calculate the percentage utilization of the graduate student.b. Calculate the average number of students in the system, excluding the graduate student service.c. Calculate the average time in the system.d. Calculate the probability of four or more students being in line or being served.e. Before a test, the arrival of students increases to six per hour, on average. What will the new average line length be?Provide answer for question C and D