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Use the planetary data in Table 7.1 and Appendix E to answer each of the following. a. Which column of data would you use to find out which planet has the shortest days? Do you see any notable differ- ences in the length of a day for the different types of plan- ets? Explain.   b. Which planets should not have seasons? Why? c. Which column tells you how much a planet’s orbit deviates from a perfect circle? Based on that column, are there any planets for which you would expect the surface temperature to vary significantly over its orbit? Explain.

Use the planetary data in Table 7.1 and Appendix E to answer each of the following. a. Which column of data would you use to find out which planet has the shortest days? Do you see any notable differ- ences in the length of a day for the different types of plan- ets? Explain.   b. Which planets should not have seasons? Why? c. Which column tells you how much a planet’s orbit deviates from a perfect circle? Based on that column, are there any planets for which you would expect the surface temperature to vary significantly over its orbit? Explain.

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
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Use the planetary data in Table 7.1 and Appendix E to answer each of the following.

a. Which column of data would you use to find out which planet has the shortest days? Do you see any notable differ- ences in the length of a day for the different types of plan- ets? Explain.

 

b. Which planets should not have seasons? Why? c. Which column tells you how much a planet’s orbit deviates from a perfect circle? Based on that column, are there any planets for which you would expect the surface temperature to vary significantly over its orbit? Explain.

TABLE 7.1 The Planetary Data Average Surface (or Cloud-Top) Temperature Average Average Average Distance from Equatorial Radius (km) Known Relative Mass Density Orbital Rotation Axis Moons Photo Planet Size Sun (AU) (Earth = 1) (g/cm3) Period Period Tilt Composition (2015) Rings? 0.387 87.9 days 58.6 days 700 K (day) 100 K (night) Mercury 2440 0.055 5.43 0.0° Rocks, metals No Venus 0.723 6051 0.82 5.24 225 days 243 days 177.3° 740 K Rocks, metals No 23.93 Earth 1.00 6378 1.00 5.52 1.00 year 23.5° 290 K Rocks, metals 1 No hours 1,88 Mars 1.52 3397 0.11 3.93 24.6 hours 25.2° 220 K Rocks, metals No years H, He, hydrogen compounds 11.9 Jupiter 5,20 71,492 318 1.33 9.93 hours 3.1° 125 K 67 Yes years H, He, hydrogen compounds 29.5 Saturn 9.54 60,268 95.2 0.70 10.6 hours 26.7° 95 K 62 Yes years H, He, hydrogen compounds 83.8 Uranus 19.2 25,559 14.5 1.32 17.2 hours 97.9° 60 K 27 Yes years H, He, hydrogen compounds Neptune 30.1 24,764 17.1 1.64 165 years 16.1 hours 29.6° 60 K 14 Yes Pluto 39.5 1187 0.0022 1.86 248 years 6.39 days 112.5° 44 K Ices, rock No Eris 67.7 1168 0.0028 2.3 557 years 1.08 days 78° 43 K Ices, rock 1 No "Including the dwarf planets Pluto and Eris; Appendix E gives a more complete list of planetary properties bSurface temperatures for all objects except Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, for which cloud-top temperatures are listed "Include water (H20), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) -5
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE 7.1 The Planetary Data Average Surface (or Cloud-Top) Temperature Average Average Average Distance from Equatorial Radius (km) Known Relative Mass Density Orbital Rotation Axis Moons Photo Planet Size Sun (AU) (Earth = 1) (g/cm3) Period Period Tilt Composition (2015) Rings? 0.387 87.9 days 58.6 days 700 K (day) 100 K (night) Mercury 2440 0.055 5.43 0.0° Rocks, metals No Venus 0.723 6051 0.82 5.24 225 days 243 days 177.3° 740 K Rocks, metals No 23.93 Earth 1.00 6378 1.00 5.52 1.00 year 23.5° 290 K Rocks, metals 1 No hours 1,88 Mars 1.52 3397 0.11 3.93 24.6 hours 25.2° 220 K Rocks, metals No years H, He, hydrogen compounds 11.9 Jupiter 5,20 71,492 318 1.33 9.93 hours 3.1° 125 K 67 Yes years H, He, hydrogen compounds 29.5 Saturn 9.54 60,268 95.2 0.70 10.6 hours 26.7° 95 K 62 Yes years H, He, hydrogen compounds 83.8 Uranus 19.2 25,559 14.5 1.32 17.2 hours 97.9° 60 K 27 Yes years H, He, hydrogen compounds Neptune 30.1 24,764 17.1 1.64 165 years 16.1 hours 29.6° 60 K 14 Yes Pluto 39.5 1187 0.0022 1.86 248 years 6.39 days 112.5° 44 K Ices, rock No Eris 67.7 1168 0.0028 2.3 557 years 1.08 days 78° 43 K Ices, rock 1 No "Including the dwarf planets Pluto and Eris; Appendix E gives a more complete list of planetary properties bSurface temperatures for all objects except Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, for which cloud-top temperatures are listed "Include water (H20), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) -5
TABLE E.3 Satellites of the Solar System (as of 2015)ª Orbital Period Radius or Distance Dimensions Mass Density" (g/cm) Planet from Planet Satellite (km) (10° km) (Earth days) (kg) Notes About the Satellite Earth Earth Moon 1738 384.4 27.322 7.349 x 10² 3.34 Moon: Probably formed in giant impact. Mars Mars Phobos 13 x 11 × 9 9.38 0.319 1.3 x 1016 1.9 Phobos, Deimos: Probable captured asteroids. Deimos 8 X 6 X 5 23.5 1.263 1.8 x 1015 2.2 Jupiter Jupiter Small inner moons 8-83 128-222 0.295-0.674 Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, Thebe: Small moonlets within and near (4 moons) Jupiter's ring system. lo: Most volcanically active object in the solar system. Io 1821 421.6 1.769 8.933 x 102 3.57 Europa 1565 670.9 3.551 4.797 × 102 2.97 Europa: Possible oceans under icy crust. Ganymede 2634 1070.0 7.155 1.482 x 1023 1.94 Ganymede: Largest satellite in solar system; unusual ice geology. Callisto 2403 1883.0 16.689 1.076 x 1023 1.86 Callisto: Cratered iceball. Irregular group 1 (7 moons) 130-457 Themisto, Leda, Himalia, Lysithea, Elara, and others: Probable captured moons with inclined orbits. Ananke, Carme, Pasiphae, Sinope, and others: Probable captured moons in inclined backward orbits. 4-85 7500-17,000 Irregular group 2 (52 moons) 1-30 17,000– 490–980 29,000 Saturn Saturn Small inner moons 0,5-1.2 Pan, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Epimetheus, Janus, and others: Small moonlets within and near Saturn's ring system. 3-89 117-212 (12) Mimas 199 185.52 0.942 3.70 x 1019 1.17 Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys: Small and medium-size iceballs, many with interesting geology. Enceladus 249 238.02 1.370 1.2 x 1020 1.24 Tethys 530 294.66 1.888 6.17 x 1020 1.26 Calypso and Telesto 294.66 Calypso and Telesto: Small moonlets sharing Tethys's orbit. Dione: Medium-size iceball, with interesting geology. 8-12 1.888 Dione 559 377.4 2.737 1.08 x 1021 1.44 Helene and 2-16 377.4 2.737 1.6 x 1016 Helene and Polydeuces: Small moonlets sharing Dione's orbit. Polydeuces Rhea 764 527.04 4.518 2.31 x 1021 1.33 Rhea: Medium-size iceball, with interesting geology. Titan 2575 1221.85 15.945 1.88 Titan: Dense atmosphere shrouds surface; ongoing geological activity. 1.35 x 103 Нуperion 180 x 140 x 112 1481.1 21.277 2.8 x 1019 Hyperion: Only satellite known not to rotate synchronously. 3561.3 lapetus: Bright and dark hemispheres show greatest contrast in the solar system. Iapetus 718 79.331 1.21 1.59 x 1021 Phoebe 12,952 -550.4 1 × 1019 Phoebe: Very dark; material ejected from Phoebe may coat one side of Iapetus. 110 Irregular groups (37 moons) Probable captured moons with highly inclined and/or backward orbits. 2-16 11,300– 25,200 450-930 -550 to -150
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE E.3 Satellites of the Solar System (as of 2015)ª Orbital Period Radius or Distance Dimensions Mass Density" (g/cm) Planet from Planet Satellite (km) (10° km) (Earth days) (kg) Notes About the Satellite Earth Earth Moon 1738 384.4 27.322 7.349 x 10² 3.34 Moon: Probably formed in giant impact. Mars Mars Phobos 13 x 11 × 9 9.38 0.319 1.3 x 1016 1.9 Phobos, Deimos: Probable captured asteroids. Deimos 8 X 6 X 5 23.5 1.263 1.8 x 1015 2.2 Jupiter Jupiter Small inner moons 8-83 128-222 0.295-0.674 Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, Thebe: Small moonlets within and near (4 moons) Jupiter's ring system. lo: Most volcanically active object in the solar system. Io 1821 421.6 1.769 8.933 x 102 3.57 Europa 1565 670.9 3.551 4.797 × 102 2.97 Europa: Possible oceans under icy crust. Ganymede 2634 1070.0 7.155 1.482 x 1023 1.94 Ganymede: Largest satellite in solar system; unusual ice geology. Callisto 2403 1883.0 16.689 1.076 x 1023 1.86 Callisto: Cratered iceball. Irregular group 1 (7 moons) 130-457 Themisto, Leda, Himalia, Lysithea, Elara, and others: Probable captured moons with inclined orbits. Ananke, Carme, Pasiphae, Sinope, and others: Probable captured moons in inclined backward orbits. 4-85 7500-17,000 Irregular group 2 (52 moons) 1-30 17,000– 490–980 29,000 Saturn Saturn Small inner moons 0,5-1.2 Pan, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Epimetheus, Janus, and others: Small moonlets within and near Saturn's ring system. 3-89 117-212 (12) Mimas 199 185.52 0.942 3.70 x 1019 1.17 Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys: Small and medium-size iceballs, many with interesting geology. Enceladus 249 238.02 1.370 1.2 x 1020 1.24 Tethys 530 294.66 1.888 6.17 x 1020 1.26 Calypso and Telesto 294.66 Calypso and Telesto: Small moonlets sharing Tethys's orbit. Dione: Medium-size iceball, with interesting geology. 8-12 1.888 Dione 559 377.4 2.737 1.08 x 1021 1.44 Helene and 2-16 377.4 2.737 1.6 x 1016 Helene and Polydeuces: Small moonlets sharing Dione's orbit. Polydeuces Rhea 764 527.04 4.518 2.31 x 1021 1.33 Rhea: Medium-size iceball, with interesting geology. Titan 2575 1221.85 15.945 1.88 Titan: Dense atmosphere shrouds surface; ongoing geological activity. 1.35 x 103 Нуperion 180 x 140 x 112 1481.1 21.277 2.8 x 1019 Hyperion: Only satellite known not to rotate synchronously. 3561.3 lapetus: Bright and dark hemispheres show greatest contrast in the solar system. Iapetus 718 79.331 1.21 1.59 x 1021 Phoebe 12,952 -550.4 1 × 1019 Phoebe: Very dark; material ejected from Phoebe may coat one side of Iapetus. 110 Irregular groups (37 moons) Probable captured moons with highly inclined and/or backward orbits. 2-16 11,300– 25,200 450-930 -550 to -150
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