Use the figure below to solve this problem. Assume a 5 in tick reinforced concrete (normal weight) slab and the weight of the ceiling as 1.5 lb/ft².To account for the weight of ducts, piping, conduit, and so forth, located between the slab and ceiling (and supported by hangers from the slab), an additional dead load allowance of 20 lb/ft² is assumed. The designer initially estimates the self-weight of beams B1 at 30 lb/ft and the 24-ft girders B2 on column lines 1 and 2 at 50 lb/ft. Establish the magnitude of the dead load distribution on beam B1 and girder B2 and draw the free-body diagrams for members B1 and B2. B panel panel E 2 25' a B3 B1 4²-4²- 2 B1 3 @ 8'-24'- (a) B2 B2 B3 2 A 5" slab B Duct IN suspended ceiling Section 1-1 (b) B2 loool Beam B1 Section 2-2 (c)

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A: In situ void ratio of top soil (et) = 0.47 Void ratio of borrow soil (eb) = 0.71

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Design criteria for structural loading

The different loads such as loads due to self-weight (dead load) and external loads such as live load, wind loads, seismic load, snow load, and other loads and load combinations that influence the design of a building are called structural loading. The nature of the applied load differs from changes in the location, design, and type of materials used. The design criteria require that structures must be designed and constructed to be able to withstand all load types that are expected to act upon the structure and render its usage for the designated purpose. The structural members such as beams, slabs, columns, and foundations help the structure to withstand the applied load. There are different institutes such as ASCE and ACI that provide building design codes to assure minimum safety requirements and quality of the structures.