Use Kirchhoff s laws and showing the details, find the currents using Cramer's Rule.

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
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ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
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**Problem 2:**

**Objective:** Use Kirchhoff's laws to find the currents using Cramer's Rule.

**Circuit Diagram:**
The circuit consists of two loops and contains the following components:

- **Resistors:**
  - A 4-ohm resistor in the top horizontal branch.
  - An 8-ohm resistor in the middle horizontal branch.
  - A 4-ohm resistor in the bottom horizontal branch.

- **Voltage Sources:**
  - A 1-volt source in the top branch.
  - A 7-volt source in the middle branch.

- **Currents:**
  - \(I_2\) is the current in the right vertical branch going upwards.
  - \(I_3\) is the current in the middle horizontal branch going from left to right.
  - \(I_4\) is the current in the bottom right vertical branch going downwards.

**Explanation of Kirchhoff's Laws:**
1. **Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL):** The sum of currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction.
2. **Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):** The sum of the electromotive forces and potential differences (voltage) in any closed network is zero.

**Using Cramer's Rule:**
Cramer's Rule is used to solve systems of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns. It is applied here to find the current values in the circuit based on the Kirchhoff's loop equations.
Transcribed Image Text:**Problem 2:** **Objective:** Use Kirchhoff's laws to find the currents using Cramer's Rule. **Circuit Diagram:** The circuit consists of two loops and contains the following components: - **Resistors:** - A 4-ohm resistor in the top horizontal branch. - An 8-ohm resistor in the middle horizontal branch. - A 4-ohm resistor in the bottom horizontal branch. - **Voltage Sources:** - A 1-volt source in the top branch. - A 7-volt source in the middle branch. - **Currents:** - \(I_2\) is the current in the right vertical branch going upwards. - \(I_3\) is the current in the middle horizontal branch going from left to right. - \(I_4\) is the current in the bottom right vertical branch going downwards. **Explanation of Kirchhoff's Laws:** 1. **Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL):** The sum of currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction. 2. **Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):** The sum of the electromotive forces and potential differences (voltage) in any closed network is zero. **Using Cramer's Rule:** Cramer's Rule is used to solve systems of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns. It is applied here to find the current values in the circuit based on the Kirchhoff's loop equations.
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