Calculus: Early Transcendentals
8th Edition
ISBN:9781285741550
Author:James Stewart
Publisher:James Stewart
Chapter1: Functions And Models
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RCC: (a) What is a function? What are its domain and range? (b) What is the graph of a function? (c) How...
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![### Using Implicit Differentiation to Find the Tangent Line to a Curve
Implicit differentiation is a useful tool for finding the equation of tangent lines to curves that may not be easily expressed in the form \( y = f(x) \). In this example, we will find the equation of the tangent line to a given ellipse.
#### Problem Statement:
Given the equation of an ellipse:
\[ 3x^2 + xy + 3y^2 = 7 \]
Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve at the point \( (1, 1) \).
#### Steps:
1. **Implicit Differentiation:** Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to \( x \) while treating \( y \) as an implicit function of \( x \):
\[ \frac{d}{dx}(3x^2) + \frac{d}{dx}(xy) + \frac{d}{dx}(3y^2) = \frac{d}{dx}(7) \]
2. **Solve for \(\frac{dy}{dx}\):** Use the chain rule and product rule where necessary.
3. **Substitute the Point \((1, 1)\):** Evaluate the differentiated equation at the point to find the slope of the tangent line.
4. **Tangent Line Equation:** Use the point-slope form of the equation of a line to find the specific equation of the tangent line.
#### Example Calculation:
The resultant equation after implicit differentiation will be:
\[ 6x + y + x\frac{dy}{dx} + 6y\frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \]
Substitute \( x = 1 \) and \( y = 1 \):
\[ 6(1) + 1 + 1\frac{dy}{dx} + 6(1)\frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \]
Solve for \( \frac{dy}{dx} \):
\[ 6 + 1 + (\frac{dy}{dx})(1 + 6) = 0 \]
\[ 7 + 7\frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \]
\[ \frac{dy}{dx} = -1 \]
The slope of the tangent line at \( (1, 1) \) is \(-1\).
Using the point-slope form \( y - y_1 = m(x - x_](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fad7698e6-8405-4b47-832b-91e13474f515%2F06198209-aadb-487a-85c9-68739891134c%2F6qizxdu_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Using Implicit Differentiation to Find the Tangent Line to a Curve
Implicit differentiation is a useful tool for finding the equation of tangent lines to curves that may not be easily expressed in the form \( y = f(x) \). In this example, we will find the equation of the tangent line to a given ellipse.
#### Problem Statement:
Given the equation of an ellipse:
\[ 3x^2 + xy + 3y^2 = 7 \]
Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve at the point \( (1, 1) \).
#### Steps:
1. **Implicit Differentiation:** Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to \( x \) while treating \( y \) as an implicit function of \( x \):
\[ \frac{d}{dx}(3x^2) + \frac{d}{dx}(xy) + \frac{d}{dx}(3y^2) = \frac{d}{dx}(7) \]
2. **Solve for \(\frac{dy}{dx}\):** Use the chain rule and product rule where necessary.
3. **Substitute the Point \((1, 1)\):** Evaluate the differentiated equation at the point to find the slope of the tangent line.
4. **Tangent Line Equation:** Use the point-slope form of the equation of a line to find the specific equation of the tangent line.
#### Example Calculation:
The resultant equation after implicit differentiation will be:
\[ 6x + y + x\frac{dy}{dx} + 6y\frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \]
Substitute \( x = 1 \) and \( y = 1 \):
\[ 6(1) + 1 + 1\frac{dy}{dx} + 6(1)\frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \]
Solve for \( \frac{dy}{dx} \):
\[ 6 + 1 + (\frac{dy}{dx})(1 + 6) = 0 \]
\[ 7 + 7\frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \]
\[ \frac{dy}{dx} = -1 \]
The slope of the tangent line at \( (1, 1) \) is \(-1\).
Using the point-slope form \( y - y_1 = m(x - x_
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