Uranium-238 (U238) has three more neutrons than uranium-235 (U235). Compared to the speed of sound in a bar of U235, is the speed of sound in a bar of U238 higher, lower, or the same? There are several Factors that play a role. (a) Chemically, the atoms of these two isotopes behave in essentially identical ways, since the number of protons (92) is identical and the clouds of 92 electrons are nearly identical. The interatomic distance, and the effective "stiffness" of the interatomic bond, both depend on the chemical properties of the atoms. Therefore, which of the following statements are true? The effective stiffness of the interatomic "spring" is greater for U238 because the mass is greater. The effective stiffness of the interatomic "spring" is the same in the two isotopes, since this "spring" is a model for the interactions of the outer electrons, which are the same for different isotopes of the same atom. An atom with more mass in the nucleus is bigger, so the distance between neighboring atoms is larger. The interatomic distance is the same for the two isotopes, because it depends on the size of the electron cloud, not the nuclear mass. b) Chemically the two isotopes are nearly identical, but there is a physical difference: the masses of the nuclei. Taking into account all the microscopic factors that determine the speed of sound, what should be rue? O The speed of sound in U235 should be lower than the speed of sound in U238, O The speed of sound in U235 should be higher than the speed of sound in U238, O The speed of sound in U235 should be the same as the speed of sound in U238, This is an example of what is called an "isotope effect"
Uranium-238 (U238) has three more neutrons than uranium-235 (U235). Compared to the speed of sound in a bar of U235, is the speed of sound in a bar of U238 higher, lower, or the same? There are several Factors that play a role. (a) Chemically, the atoms of these two isotopes behave in essentially identical ways, since the number of protons (92) is identical and the clouds of 92 electrons are nearly identical. The interatomic distance, and the effective "stiffness" of the interatomic bond, both depend on the chemical properties of the atoms. Therefore, which of the following statements are true? The effective stiffness of the interatomic "spring" is greater for U238 because the mass is greater. The effective stiffness of the interatomic "spring" is the same in the two isotopes, since this "spring" is a model for the interactions of the outer electrons, which are the same for different isotopes of the same atom. An atom with more mass in the nucleus is bigger, so the distance between neighboring atoms is larger. The interatomic distance is the same for the two isotopes, because it depends on the size of the electron cloud, not the nuclear mass. b) Chemically the two isotopes are nearly identical, but there is a physical difference: the masses of the nuclei. Taking into account all the microscopic factors that determine the speed of sound, what should be rue? O The speed of sound in U235 should be lower than the speed of sound in U238, O The speed of sound in U235 should be higher than the speed of sound in U238, O The speed of sound in U235 should be the same as the speed of sound in U238, This is an example of what is called an "isotope effect"
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:Uranium-238 (U238) has three more neutrons than uranium-235 (U235). Compared to the speed of sound in a bar of U235, is the speed of sound in a bar of U238 higher, lower, or the same? There are several
factors that play a role.
(a) Chemically, the atoms of these two isotopes behave in essentially identical ways, since the number of protons (92) is identical and the clouds of 92 electrons are nearly identical. The interatomic distance, and
the effective "stiffness" of the interatomic bond, both depend on the chemical properties of the atoms. Therefore, which of the following statements are true?
O The effective stiffness of the interatomic "spring" is greater for U238 because the mass is greater.
O The effective stiffness of the interatomic "spring" is the same in the two isotopes, since this "spring" is a model for the interactions of the outer electrons, which are the same for different isotopes of the
same atom.
O An atom with more mass in the nucleus is bigger, so the distance between neighboring atoms is larger.
O The interatomic distance is the same for the two isotopes, because it depends on the size of the electron cloud, not the nuclear mass.
(b) Chemically the two isotopes are nearly identical, but there is a physical difference: the masses of the nuclei. Taking into account all the microscopic factors that determine the speed of sound, what should be
true?
O The speed of sound in U235 should be lower than the speed of sound in U238.
O The speed of sound in U235 should be higher than the speed of sound in U238.
O The speed of sound in U235 should be the same as the speed of sound in U238.
This is an example of what is called an "isotope effect."
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