ɪɴ ᴊᴀᴠᴀ ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ ɴᴇᴇᴅᴇᴅ ɪꜱ ᴀ ᴘʀᴏɢʀᴀᴍ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴛᴀᴋᴇꜱ ᴀꜱ ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ ᴛᴡᴏ ꜱᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ᴀʀʀᴀУꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴꜱ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛꜱ ꜰᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ ʙᴏᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ᴀʀʀᴀУꜱ. ɪᴛ ɪꜱ ᴀʟʀɪɢʜᴛ ɪꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ ᴀʀʀᴀУꜱ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛᴇꜱ ʙᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴᴇᴅ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ꜱʜᴏᴜʟᴅ ʙᴇ ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ ꜰʀᴇᴇ ! ʙᴇʟᴏᴡ ɪꜱ ʜᴏᴡ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀУꜱ ᴀʀᴇ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇꜱᴇɴᴛᴇᴅ ᴀʀʀᴀУ1[] = [1, 5, 6, 6, 9, 9, 9, 11, 11, 21] ʜᴇʀᴇ ʟᴇɴɢᴛʜ ᴏꜰ ᴀʀʀᴀУ1 ɪꜱ ᴍ. ᴀʀʀᴀУ2[] = [6, 6, 9, 11, 21, 21, 21] ʜᴇʀᴇ ʟᴇɴɢᴛʜ ᴏꜰ ᴀʀʀᴀУ2 ɪꜱ ɴ. ᴀʀʀᴀУ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴᴇᴅ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ʙᴇ: ᴀʀʀᴀУ[] = [6, 9, 11, 21] ( ᴅᴏ ɴᴏᴛ ᴜꜱᴇ ʟɪʙʀᴀʀУ ꜰᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴꜱ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴏ ᴀɴУ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴀꜱᴋꜱ ʀᴇQᴜɪʀᴇᴅ ᴀʙᴏᴠᴇ) ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ɪᴍᴘʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛᴇᴅ ɪꜱ ᴀ ꜰᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ꜱᴜᴄʜ ᴀ ᴡᴀУ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ꜱᴏʟᴠᴇꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏʙʟᴇᴍ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴏ(ᴍɴ) ᴛɪᴍᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇxɪᴛУ. ᴏ(ᴍɴ) ɪꜱ ꜱᴀᴍᴇ ᴀꜱ ᴏ(ᴍ ∗ ɴ). Тʜɪꜱ ʙʀᴜᴛᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴄᴇ ᴍᴇᴛʜᴏᴅ ꜱᴜɢɢᴇꜱᴛᴇᴅ ʜᴀꜱ ᴀ ɴᴀᴍᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ”ʟᴏᴏᴘ-ᴊᴏɪɴ” ᴡʜᴇʀᴇ Уᴏᴜ ʙᴀꜱɪᴄᴀʟʟУ ᴊᴜꜱᴛ ᴛʀᴀᴠᴇʀꜱᴇ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴏɴᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀʀɪɴɢ ɪᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ᴀꜱ ᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ, ᴘʟᴇᴀꜱᴇ ᴡʀɪᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴇꜱᴛ-ᴄᴀꜱᴇꜱ ᴏɴ ʜᴏᴡ ᴏɴᴇ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ᴛᴇꜱᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀꜱꜱᴜᴍᴘᴛɪᴏɴꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ. ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ ᴏꜰ ᴄᴀꜱᴇꜱ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ᴛᴇꜱᴛᴇᴅ ꜰᴏʀ ᴀʀᴇ ʟɪᴋᴇ : ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪꜱ ᴇxᴘᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴅᴏᴇꜱ ɴᴏᴛ ᴇxɪꜱᴛ - ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ , ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ ɪꜱ ᴀ ɴᴜʟʟ. ʜᴏᴡ ꜱʜᴏᴜʟᴅ Уᴏᴜʀ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ ʜᴀɴᴅʟᴇ ꜱᴜᴄʜ ᴀ ꜱɪᴛᴜᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ? ᴍᴀУʙᴇ ᴏᴜᴛᴘᴜᴛ ꜱᴏᴍᴇ ᴍᴇꜱꜱᴀɢᴇ ʟɪᴋᴇ ”ɴᴜʟʟ ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ ᴄᴀꜱᴇ, ꜱᴏ ɴᴏ ᴏᴜᴛᴘᴜᴛ”? ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɴɢᴛʜ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ɪꜱ ᴏɴᴇ ?....ꜱᴏ ᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ꜱᴏ ꜰᴏʀᴛʜ
ɪɴ ᴊᴀᴠᴀ ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ ɴᴇᴇᴅᴇᴅ ɪꜱ ᴀ ᴘʀᴏɢʀᴀᴍ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴛᴀᴋᴇꜱ ᴀꜱ ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ
ᴛᴡᴏ ꜱᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ᴀʀʀᴀУꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴꜱ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛꜱ ꜰᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ
ʙᴏᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ᴀʀʀᴀУꜱ. ɪᴛ ɪꜱ ᴀʟʀɪɢʜᴛ ɪꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ ᴀʀʀᴀУꜱ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛᴇꜱ ʙᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ
ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴᴇᴅ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ꜱʜᴏᴜʟᴅ ʙᴇ ᴅᴜᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ ꜰʀᴇᴇ !
ʙᴇʟᴏᴡ ɪꜱ ʜᴏᴡ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀУꜱ ᴀʀᴇ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇꜱᴇɴᴛᴇᴅ
ᴀʀʀᴀУ1[] = [1, 5, 6, 6, 9, 9, 9, 11, 11, 21]
ʜᴇʀᴇ ʟᴇɴɢᴛʜ ᴏꜰ ᴀʀʀᴀУ1 ɪꜱ ᴍ.
ᴀʀʀᴀУ2[] = [6, 6, 9, 11, 21, 21, 21]
ʜᴇʀᴇ ʟᴇɴɢᴛʜ ᴏꜰ ᴀʀʀᴀУ2 ɪꜱ ɴ.
ᴀʀʀᴀУ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴᴇᴅ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ʙᴇ:
ᴀʀʀᴀУ[] = [6, 9, 11, 21]
( ᴅᴏ ɴᴏᴛ ᴜꜱᴇ ʟɪʙʀᴀʀУ ꜰᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴꜱ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴏ ᴀɴУ ᴏꜰ
ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴀꜱᴋꜱ ʀᴇQᴜɪʀᴇᴅ ᴀʙᴏᴠᴇ)
ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ɪᴍᴘʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛᴇᴅ ɪꜱ ᴀ ꜰᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ꜱᴜᴄʜ ᴀ ᴡᴀУ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ꜱᴏʟᴠᴇꜱ
ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏʙʟᴇᴍ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴏ(ᴍɴ) ᴛɪᴍᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇxɪᴛУ. ᴏ(ᴍɴ) ɪꜱ ꜱᴀᴍᴇ ᴀꜱ ᴏ(ᴍ ∗ ɴ).
Тʜɪꜱ ʙʀᴜᴛᴇ-ꜰᴏʀᴄᴇ ᴍᴇᴛʜᴏᴅ ꜱᴜɢɢᴇꜱᴛᴇᴅ ʜᴀꜱ ᴀ ɴᴀᴍᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ”ʟᴏᴏᴘ-ᴊᴏɪɴ” ᴡʜᴇʀᴇ
Уᴏᴜ ʙᴀꜱɪᴄᴀʟʟУ ᴊᴜꜱᴛ ᴛʀᴀᴠᴇʀꜱᴇ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴏɴᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀʀɪɴɢ
ɪᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴀʀʀᴀУ
ᴀꜱ ᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ, ᴘʟᴇᴀꜱᴇ ᴡʀɪᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴇꜱᴛ-ᴄᴀꜱᴇꜱ ᴏɴ ʜᴏᴡ ᴏɴᴇ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ
ᴛᴇꜱᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀꜱꜱᴜᴍᴘᴛɪᴏɴꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ.
ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ ᴏꜰ ᴄᴀꜱᴇꜱ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ᴛᴇꜱᴛᴇᴅ ꜰᴏʀ ᴀʀᴇ ʟɪᴋᴇ : ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ
ɪꜱ ᴇxᴘᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴅᴏᴇꜱ ɴᴏᴛ ᴇxɪꜱᴛ - ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ , ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ ɪꜱ ᴀ ɴᴜʟʟ. ʜᴏᴡ ꜱʜᴏᴜʟᴅ Уᴏᴜʀ ᴄᴏᴅᴇ
ʜᴀɴᴅʟᴇ ꜱᴜᴄʜ ᴀ ꜱɪᴛᴜᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ? ᴍᴀУʙᴇ ᴏᴜᴛᴘᴜᴛ ꜱᴏᴍᴇ ᴍᴇꜱꜱᴀɢᴇ ʟɪᴋᴇ ”ɴᴜʟʟ ɪɴᴘᴜᴛ
ᴄᴀꜱᴇ, ꜱᴏ ɴᴏ ᴏᴜᴛᴘᴜᴛ”? ᴡʜᴀᴛ ɪꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɴɢᴛʜ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀУ ɪꜱ ᴏɴᴇ ?....ꜱᴏ ᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ
ꜱᴏ ꜰᴏʀᴛʜ
The Java program for the given problem is as follows:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Test case 1: Two arrays with common elements
int[] arr1 = {1, 5, 6, 6, 9, 9, 9, 11, 11, 21};
int[] arr2 = {6, 6, 9, 11, 21, 21, 21};
int[] result = mergeArrays(arr1, arr2);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result));
// Test case 2: Two arrays with no common elements
int[] arr3 = {1, 3, 5};
int[] arr4 = {2, 4, 6};
int[] result2 = mergeArrays(arr3, arr4);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result2));
// Test case 3: One array is null
int[] arr5 = null;
int[] arr6 = {1, 3, 5};
int[] result3 = mergeArrays(arr5, arr6);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result3));
// Test case 4: Length of array is one
int[] arr7 = {1};
int[] arr8 = {1};
int[] result4 = mergeArrays(arr7, arr8);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result4));
}
public static int[] mergeArrays(int[] arr1, int[] arr2) {
if (arr1 == null || arr2 == null) {
System.out.println("null input case, so no output");
return null;
}
int m = arr1.length;
int n = arr2.length;
int[] result = new int[Math.min(m, n)];
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (arr1[i] == arr2[j]) {
boolean isDuplicate = false;
for (int p = 0; p < k; p++) {
if (result[p] == arr1[i]) {
isDuplicate = true;
break;
}
}
if (!isDuplicate) {
result[k] = arr1[i];
k++;
}
}
}
}
return Arrays.copyOfRange(result, 0, k);
}
}
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