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Two pure-breeding (homozygous) lines of shrubs were crossed as follows
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- “The promotion of physical activity plays a major role for healthy ageing in older age. There is a lack of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies explicitly dealing with barriers and drivers to physical activities in older adults. Therefore this study aims to identify factors associated with insufficient physical activity in 65 to 75- year-olds in Europe.” Lubs et al., (2018). 1.Evaluate the TWO (2) typical forms of research design (quantitative & qualitative) in both time horizons. 2.Derive TWO (2) research questions based on the above study and develop TWO(2) relevant research hypotheses for your research questions.If the F2 of a dihybrid cross gives a 9:3:4 ratio, what will be the ratio of phenotypes if one takes an F1 individual (from the same cross) and test crosses it (keeping the same order of phenotypes)?In a cross involving independently assorting loci, the cross BBYY x bbyy (assume "B" and "Y" are dominant to "b" and "y," respectively) will yield all dihybrid offspring. When those offpspring are crossed, the result is usually a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. But what if the locus "B" and "Y" did not sort independently (i.e., they were linked, at least partially)? It would mean "BY" and "by" are now more likely. How would this specifically affect the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio? To be more clear, which one of these numbers in the ratio (9, 3, 3, and/or 1) would be expected to decrease? Question 3 options: the 9 would decrease both 3's would decrease one of the 3's would decrease the 1 would decrease
- A) Describe the data you collect from the Purple 1 x Purple 2 cross. Predict the genotype of each of the parent plants. Explain your predictions using data from the experiment. (Again, you may need to use data from other crosses!) B) Consider the offspring, the next generation (F1), from the Purple 1 x Purple 2 cross. What is the probability of a green stem plant? How do you know this? C) What is the probability in the F2 generation of a green stem offspring? Use a Punnett square(s) and quantitative data to explain your thinking. Upload your Punnett square(s).A cross was made between a plant that has blue flowers and purpleseeds and a plant with white flowers and green seeds. The F1 generationwas then allowed to self-fertilize. The following data were obtained:F1 generation: All offspring have blue flowers with purple seeds.F2 generation: 208 blue flowers, purple seeds; 13 blue flowers,green seeds; 19 white flowers, purple seeds; and 60 white flowers,green seeds. Total = 300 offspring.Start with the hypothesis that blue flowers and purple seeds aredominant traits and that the two genes assort independently.Calculate a chi square value. What does this value mean withregard to your hypothesis? If you decide to reject your hypothesis,which aspect of the hypothesis do you think is incorrect (i.e., blueflowers and purple seeds are dominant traits, or the idea that thetwo genes assort independently)?If you do the following cross: TtRryy x ttRrYy (where T=tall, t=dwarf; R=round, r=wrinkled; Y=yellow seeds, y=green seeds) then what proportion of the offspring would you expect to be: dwarf, round, yellow 1/32 O 3/32 O 3/64 O 1/16 O 3/16 1/8 O 3/8 O 1/2
- A cross is made between these same two plants with five independently assorting genes. SHOW YOUR WORK AA Bb Dd Ee hh X Aa Bb Dd ee Hh What is the probability of obtaining a plant with the dominant phenotype for all five genes?Hannah (with 2 n's) decided to expand on Ana's work by fencing a well isolated plot and deliberately planted 25 red plants and 25 pink plants to allow them to randomly cross. In the F1 generation she observed 115 red, 73 purple and 12 white flowered plants. Do a Chi square test to see if this is expected by random mating with a significance level of P< 0.05. Show your work including calculations, the table, the Chi square value, the degrees of freedom used, and your conclusion.A pea heterozygous for plant height, pod shape and flower color was selfed. The progeny consisted of 272 tall, inflated pods, purple flowers; 92 tall, inflated, white flowers; 88 tall, flat pods, purple flowers; 93 dwarf, inflated, purple flowers; 35 tall, flat, white flowers; 31 dwarf inflated, white flowers; 29 dwarf, flat, purple flowers; 11 dwarf, flat, white flowers. Which alleles are dominant in this cross?
- Nicotiana glutinosa (2 n = 24) and N. tabacum (2 n = 48) are two closely related plants that can be intercrossed, but the F1 hybrid plants that result are usually sterile. In 1925, Roy Clausen and Thomas Goodspeed crossed N. glutinosa and N. tabacum and obtained one fertile F1 plant . They were able to self-pollinate the flowers of this plant to produce an F2 generation. Surprisingly, the F2 plants were fully fertile and produced viable seeds. When Clausen and Goodspeed examined the chromosomes of the F2 plants, they observed 36 pairs of chromosomes in metaphase I and 36 individual chromosomes in metaphase II. Explain the origin of the F2 plants obtained by Clausen and Goodspeed and the numbers of chromosomes observed.A cross is made between two plants with five independently assorting genes. SHOW YOUR WORK AA Bb Dd Ee hh X Aa Bb Dd ee Hh What is the probability of obtaining a plant with the genotype AA BB Dd ee Hh?COU f) What kind of offspring can be produced if a red-flowered plant is crossed with a pink-flowered plant? Show your work. g) What kind of offspring is/are produced if a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant? Show your work. hleod